{"id":40935,"date":"2020-05-18T11:28:08","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T01:28:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/?page_id=40935"},"modified":"2023-06-15T10:50:26","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T00:50:26","slug":"lng","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/","title":{"rendered":"Australian LNG lending study 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#cd0304&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;4px||2px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;75%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Inter|800|||||||&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||8px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">ARCHIVED CONTENT<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Poppins||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">This content is no longer being updated. Data on this page covers the period Jan 2008 &#8211; Dec 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-page-banner-Gladstone-port-development-Credit-Greenpeace-Tom-Jefferson.jpg&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset2&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>WHY BANKS MUST ABANDON AUSTRALIA&#8217;S LNG INDUSTRY<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px||30px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_5_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_5_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5>Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.<\/h5>\n<p>The 77.5 million tonnes of LNG exported from Australia in 2019 was enough to release 206 million tonnes of CO2 when combusted, equivalent to 39% of Australia\u2019s annual greenhouse gas emissions (for the year to September 2019).<\/p>\n<p>Behind this rapid expansion is a relatively small number of financial institutions that loaned more than $75 billion dollars to LNG projects and companies.<\/p>\n<p>These projects and companies rely on the failure of the Paris Agreement, betting that the world\u2019s gas consumption will continue to rise over coming decades when the role of gas must actually decline if we\u2019re to avoid 1.5\u00b0C of warming.<\/p>\n<p>Yet there are plans for another wave of Australian LNG, comprising new and expanded projects that would cost tens of billions of dollars more. None of this is compatible with a safe climate future.<\/p>\n<p>But these plans are being put on hold by COVID-19 and the oil price crash. In March 2020, major Australian oil &amp; gas producers Woodside and Santos delayed investment decisions for $60 billion of planned LNG expenditure.<\/p>\n<p>This is our chance to leave LNG behind.<\/p>\n<p>As governments, industry, investors and society all move to place a clean energy transition at the centre of economic recovery and stimulus plans in response to COVID-19, investors must position themselves to leave incompatible LNG projects, and the companies that have no interest in abandoning them, behind.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Use this form to tell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of this climate-wrecking industry.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; module_id=&#8221;action&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/super-funds-form-header.png&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;20px|10px|60px|10px|false|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"color: #ffffff; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px;\">TAKE ACTION<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Use this form to tell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of LNG and to ensure that LNG projects and companies wind up their operations in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 3.1.\"),o(),0))},initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.callIfLoaded(o)||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",()=>{gform.scriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",()=>{gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",()=>{gform.domLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}))},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook(\"action\",o,r,e,t)},addFilter:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook(\"filter\",o,r,e,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook(\"action\",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook(\"filter\",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,r){gform.removeHook(\"action\",o,r)},removeFilter:function(o,r,e){gform.removeHook(\"filter\",o,r,e)},addHook:function(o,r,e,t,n){null==gform.hooks[o][r]&&(gform.hooks[o][r]=[]);var d=gform.hooks[o][r];null==n&&(n=r+\"_\"+d.length),gform.hooks[o][r].push({tag:n,callable:e,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(r,o,e){var t;if(e=Array.prototype.slice.call(e,1),null!=gform.hooks[r][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[r][o]).sort(function(o,r){return o.priority-r.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==r?t.apply(null,e):e[0]=t.apply(null,e)})),\"filter\"==r)return e[0]},removeHook:function(o,r,t,n){var e;null!=gform.hooks[o][r]&&(e=(e=gform.hooks[o][r]).filter(function(o,r,e){return!!(null!=n&&n!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][r]=e)}});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n\n                <div class='gf_browser_unknown gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='legacy' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_296' style='display:none'>\n                        <div class='gform_heading'>\n                            <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_296'  action='\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40935' data-formid='296' novalidate><div class='gf_invisible ginput_recaptchav3' data-sitekey='6LdpG74bAAAAAAfG76zCHaW_pwUx9zp9bP05qG2y' data-tabindex='0'><input id=\"input_b9fea2c5d332d85c2cb03bacdbf38415\" class=\"gfield_recaptcha_response\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"input_b9fea2c5d332d85c2cb03bacdbf38415\" value=\"\"\/><\/div>\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><ul id='gform_fields_296' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><li id=\"field_296_1\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_296_1'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_296_1_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_1.3' id='input_296_1_3' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_296_1_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_296_1_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_1.6' id='input_296_1_6' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_296_1_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/li><li id=\"field_296_2\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_296_2'>Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_2' id='input_296_2' type='email' value='' class='medium'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"  \/>\n                        <\/div><\/li><li id=\"field_296_3\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-select field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_296_3'>Country<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_select'><select name='input_3' id='input_296_3' class='medium gfield_select'     aria-invalid=\"false\" ><option value='Afghanistan' >Afghanistan<\/option><option value='\u00c5land Islands' >\u00c5land Islands<\/option><option value='Albania' >Albania<\/option><option value='Algeria' >Algeria<\/option><option value='American Samoa' >American Samoa<\/option><option value='Andorra' >Andorra<\/option><option value='Angola' >Angola<\/option><option value='Anguilla' >Anguilla<\/option><option value='Antarctica' >Antarctica<\/option><option value='Antigua and Barbuda' >Antigua and Barbuda<\/option><option value='Argentina' >Argentina<\/option><option value='Armenia' >Armenia<\/option><option value='Aruba' >Aruba<\/option><option value='Australia' selected='selected'>Australia<\/option><option value='Austria' >Austria<\/option><option value='Azerbaijan' >Azerbaijan<\/option><option value='Bahamas' >Bahamas<\/option><option value='Bahrain' >Bahrain<\/option><option value='Bangladesh' >Bangladesh<\/option><option value='Barbados' >Barbados<\/option><option value='Belarus' >Belarus<\/option><option value='Belgium' >Belgium<\/option><option value='Belize' >Belize<\/option><option value='Benin' >Benin<\/option><option value='Bermuda' >Bermuda<\/option><option value='Bhutan' >Bhutan<\/option><option value='Bolivia' >Bolivia<\/option><option value='Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba' >Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba<\/option><option value='Bosnia and Herzegovina' >Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/option><option value='Botswana' >Botswana<\/option><option value='Bouvet Island' >Bouvet Island<\/option><option value='Brazil' >Brazil<\/option><option value='British Indian Ocean Territory' >British Indian Ocean Territory<\/option><option value='Brunei Darussalam' >Brunei Darussalam<\/option><option value='Bulgaria' >Bulgaria<\/option><option value='Burkina Faso' >Burkina Faso<\/option><option value='Burundi' >Burundi<\/option><option value='Cambodia' >Cambodia<\/option><option value='Cameroon' >Cameroon<\/option><option value='Canada' >Canada<\/option><option value='Cape Verde' >Cape Verde<\/option><option value='Cayman Islands' >Cayman Islands<\/option><option value='Central African Republic' >Central African Republic<\/option><option value='Chad' >Chad<\/option><option value='Chile' >Chile<\/option><option value='China' >China<\/option><option value='Christmas Island' >Christmas Island<\/option><option value='Cocos Islands' >Cocos Islands<\/option><option value='Colombia' >Colombia<\/option><option value='Comoros' >Comoros<\/option><option value='Congo, Democratic Republic of the' >Congo, Democratic Republic of the<\/option><option value='Congo, Republic of the' >Congo, Republic of the<\/option><option value='Cook Islands' >Cook Islands<\/option><option value='Costa Rica' >Costa Rica<\/option><option value='C\u00f4te d&#039;Ivoire' >C\u00f4te d&#039;Ivoire<\/option><option value='Croatia' >Croatia<\/option><option value='Cuba' >Cuba<\/option><option value='Cura\u00e7ao' >Cura\u00e7ao<\/option><option value='Cyprus' >Cyprus<\/option><option value='Czech Republic' >Czech Republic<\/option><option value='Denmark' >Denmark<\/option><option value='Djibouti' >Djibouti<\/option><option value='Dominica' >Dominica<\/option><option value='Dominican Republic' >Dominican Republic<\/option><option value='Ecuador' >Ecuador<\/option><option value='Egypt' >Egypt<\/option><option value='El Salvador' >El Salvador<\/option><option value='Equatorial Guinea' >Equatorial Guinea<\/option><option value='Eritrea' >Eritrea<\/option><option value='Estonia' >Estonia<\/option><option value='Eswatini (Swaziland)' >Eswatini (Swaziland)<\/option><option value='Ethiopia' >Ethiopia<\/option><option value='Falkland Islands' >Falkland Islands<\/option><option value='Faroe Islands' >Faroe Islands<\/option><option value='Fiji' >Fiji<\/option><option value='Finland' >Finland<\/option><option value='France' >France<\/option><option value='French Guiana' >French Guiana<\/option><option value='French Polynesia' >French Polynesia<\/option><option value='French Southern Territories' >French Southern Territories<\/option><option value='Gabon' >Gabon<\/option><option value='Gambia' >Gambia<\/option><option value='Georgia' >Georgia<\/option><option value='Germany' >Germany<\/option><option value='Ghana' >Ghana<\/option><option value='Gibraltar' >Gibraltar<\/option><option value='Greece' >Greece<\/option><option value='Greenland' >Greenland<\/option><option value='Grenada' >Grenada<\/option><option value='Guadeloupe' >Guadeloupe<\/option><option value='Guam' >Guam<\/option><option value='Guatemala' >Guatemala<\/option><option value='Guernsey' >Guernsey<\/option><option value='Guinea' >Guinea<\/option><option value='Guinea-Bissau' >Guinea-Bissau<\/option><option value='Guyana' >Guyana<\/option><option value='Haiti' >Haiti<\/option><option value='Heard and McDonald Islands' >Heard and McDonald Islands<\/option><option value='Holy See' >Holy See<\/option><option value='Honduras' >Honduras<\/option><option value='Hong Kong' >Hong Kong<\/option><option value='Hungary' >Hungary<\/option><option value='Iceland' >Iceland<\/option><option value='India' >India<\/option><option value='Indonesia' >Indonesia<\/option><option value='Iran' >Iran<\/option><option value='Iraq' >Iraq<\/option><option value='Ireland' >Ireland<\/option><option value='Isle of Man' >Isle of Man<\/option><option value='Israel' >Israel<\/option><option value='Italy' >Italy<\/option><option value='Jamaica' >Jamaica<\/option><option value='Japan' >Japan<\/option><option value='Jersey' >Jersey<\/option><option value='Jordan' >Jordan<\/option><option value='Kazakhstan' >Kazakhstan<\/option><option value='Kenya' >Kenya<\/option><option value='Kiribati' >Kiribati<\/option><option value='Kuwait' >Kuwait<\/option><option value='Kyrgyzstan' >Kyrgyzstan<\/option><option value='Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic' >Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic<\/option><option value='Latvia' >Latvia<\/option><option value='Lebanon' >Lebanon<\/option><option value='Lesotho' >Lesotho<\/option><option value='Liberia' >Liberia<\/option><option value='Libya' >Libya<\/option><option value='Liechtenstein' >Liechtenstein<\/option><option value='Lithuania' >Lithuania<\/option><option value='Luxembourg' >Luxembourg<\/option><option value='Macau' >Macau<\/option><option value='Macedonia' >Macedonia<\/option><option value='Madagascar' >Madagascar<\/option><option value='Malawi' >Malawi<\/option><option value='Malaysia' >Malaysia<\/option><option value='Maldives' >Maldives<\/option><option value='Mali' >Mali<\/option><option value='Malta' >Malta<\/option><option value='Marshall Islands' >Marshall Islands<\/option><option value='Martinique' >Martinique<\/option><option value='Mauritania' >Mauritania<\/option><option value='Mauritius' >Mauritius<\/option><option value='Mayotte' >Mayotte<\/option><option value='Mexico' >Mexico<\/option><option value='Micronesia' >Micronesia<\/option><option value='Moldova' >Moldova<\/option><option value='Monaco' >Monaco<\/option><option value='Mongolia' >Mongolia<\/option><option value='Montenegro' >Montenegro<\/option><option value='Montserrat' >Montserrat<\/option><option value='Morocco' >Morocco<\/option><option value='Mozambique' >Mozambique<\/option><option value='Myanmar' >Myanmar<\/option><option value='Namibia' >Namibia<\/option><option value='Nauru' >Nauru<\/option><option value='Nepal' >Nepal<\/option><option value='Netherlands' >Netherlands<\/option><option value='New Caledonia' >New Caledonia<\/option><option value='New Zealand' >New Zealand<\/option><option value='Nicaragua' >Nicaragua<\/option><option value='Niger' >Niger<\/option><option value='Nigeria' >Nigeria<\/option><option value='Niue' >Niue<\/option><option value='Norfolk Island' >Norfolk Island<\/option><option value='North Korea' >North Korea<\/option><option value='Northern Mariana Islands' >Northern Mariana Islands<\/option><option value='Norway' >Norway<\/option><option value='Oman' >Oman<\/option><option value='Pakistan' >Pakistan<\/option><option value='Palau' >Palau<\/option><option value='Palestine, State of' >Palestine, State of<\/option><option value='Panama' >Panama<\/option><option value='Papua New Guinea' >Papua New Guinea<\/option><option value='Paraguay' >Paraguay<\/option><option value='Peru' >Peru<\/option><option value='Philippines' >Philippines<\/option><option value='Pitcairn' >Pitcairn<\/option><option value='Poland' >Poland<\/option><option value='Portugal' >Portugal<\/option><option value='Puerto Rico' >Puerto Rico<\/option><option value='Qatar' >Qatar<\/option><option value='R\u00e9union' >R\u00e9union<\/option><option value='Romania' >Romania<\/option><option value='Russia' >Russia<\/option><option value='Rwanda' >Rwanda<\/option><option value='Saint Barth\u00e9lemy' >Saint Barth\u00e9lemy<\/option><option value='Saint Helena' >Saint Helena<\/option><option value='Saint Kitts and Nevis' >Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/option><option value='Saint Lucia' >Saint Lucia<\/option><option value='Saint Martin' >Saint Martin<\/option><option value='Saint Pierre and Miquelon' >Saint Pierre and Miquelon<\/option><option value='Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' >Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/option><option value='Samoa' >Samoa<\/option><option value='San Marino' >San Marino<\/option><option value='Sao Tome and Principe' >Sao Tome and Principe<\/option><option value='Saudi Arabia' >Saudi Arabia<\/option><option value='Senegal' >Senegal<\/option><option value='Serbia' >Serbia<\/option><option value='Seychelles' >Seychelles<\/option><option value='Sierra Leone' >Sierra Leone<\/option><option value='Singapore' >Singapore<\/option><option value='Sint Maarten' >Sint Maarten<\/option><option value='Slovakia' >Slovakia<\/option><option value='Slovenia' >Slovenia<\/option><option value='Solomon Islands' >Solomon Islands<\/option><option value='Somalia' >Somalia<\/option><option value='South Africa' >South Africa<\/option><option value='South Georgia' >South Georgia<\/option><option value='South Korea' >South Korea<\/option><option value='South Sudan' >South Sudan<\/option><option value='Spain' >Spain<\/option><option value='Sri Lanka' >Sri Lanka<\/option><option value='Sudan' >Sudan<\/option><option value='Suriname' >Suriname<\/option><option value='Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands' >Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands<\/option><option value='Sweden' >Sweden<\/option><option value='Switzerland' >Switzerland<\/option><option value='Syria' >Syria<\/option><option value='Taiwan' >Taiwan<\/option><option value='Tajikistan' >Tajikistan<\/option><option value='Tanzania' >Tanzania<\/option><option value='Thailand' >Thailand<\/option><option value='Timor-Leste' >Timor-Leste<\/option><option value='Togo' >Togo<\/option><option value='Tokelau' >Tokelau<\/option><option value='Tonga' >Tonga<\/option><option value='Trinidad and Tobago' >Trinidad and Tobago<\/option><option value='Tunisia' >Tunisia<\/option><option value='Turkey' >Turkey<\/option><option value='Turkmenistan' >Turkmenistan<\/option><option value='Turks and Caicos Islands' >Turks and Caicos Islands<\/option><option value='Tuvalu' >Tuvalu<\/option><option value='Uganda' >Uganda<\/option><option value='Ukraine' >Ukraine<\/option><option value='United Arab Emirates' >United Arab Emirates<\/option><option value='United Kingdom' >United Kingdom<\/option><option value='United States' >United States<\/option><option value='Uruguay' >Uruguay<\/option><option value='US Minor Outlying Islands' >US Minor Outlying Islands<\/option><option value='Uzbekistan' >Uzbekistan<\/option><option value='Vanuatu' >Vanuatu<\/option><option value='Venezuela' >Venezuela<\/option><option value='Vietnam' >Vietnam<\/option><option value='Virgin Islands, British' >Virgin Islands, British<\/option><option value='Virgin Islands, U.S.' >Virgin Islands, U.S.<\/option><option value='Wallis and Futuna' >Wallis and Futuna<\/option><option value='Western Sahara' >Western Sahara<\/option><option value='Yemen' >Yemen<\/option><option value='Zambia' >Zambia<\/option><option value='Zimbabwe' >Zimbabwe<\/option><\/select><\/div><\/li><li id=\"field_296_4\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-number field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_296_4'>Postcode<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_number'><input name='input_4' id='input_296_4' type='number' step='any'   value='' class='medium'      aria-invalid=\"false\"  \/><\/div><\/li><li id=\"field_296_5\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_296_5'>Subject (you can edit this)<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_5' id='input_296_5' type='text' value='Your lending to Australian LNG projects' class='medium'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/li><li id=\"field_296_6\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_296_6'>Your message (you can personalise and amend this, a salutation will be automatically added, as well as your name at the end)<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_6' id='input_296_6' class='textarea medium'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'>\nI was recently made aware that your bank is a major funder of the Australian LNG industry. In the wake of a push for Australia\u2019s government to pursue more climate-wrecking gas infrastructure, led by a gas company Chairman and head of Australia\u2019s COVID-19 commission, I am writing to urge you to avoid any further investments in companies and projects that are expanding the gas sector.\n\nAs someone who wants to preserve and enhance our natural environment, it\u2019s deeply troubling to learn of the support banks like yours have provided to LNG projects in Australia, which bring us closer to runaway global warming and some of which have damaged and continue to damage Australia\u2019s natural ecosystems such as the Great Barrier Reef.\n\nThe science is clear: the gas industry cannot expand if we\u2019re to limit global warming to 1.5\u00b0C consistent with the Paris Agreement\u2019s climate goals. In fact, if this goal is to be achieved, the gas industry needs to shrink. Gas also impedes the transition to renewable energy, blocking opportunities to supply energy with lower cost wind and solar. \n\nWe can no longer allow gas companies to open new fields and build hundreds of kilometres of pipelines. Instead, they should be planning to wind down operations in line with the Paris Agreement.\n\nIn the wake of COVID-19, what sort of recovery will you choose to support; one that backs companies and projects that cannot exist in a low carbon world, or one that puts us on track to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement?\n\nThat\u2019s why I am urging you to:\n- No longer finance projects that expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry;\n- Ensure any credit provided to companies seeking to expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry are contingent upon those companies winding up their operations within timeframes consistent with limiting warming to 1.5\u00b0C, and\n- Ensure your exposure to LNG and all fossil fuel sectors decreases in a timeframe consistent with limiting warming to 1.5\u00b0C.\n\nPlease confirm your plan to make these changes. \n<\/textarea><\/div><\/li><li id=\"field_296_7\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-checkbox gfield--type-choice field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Opt-in<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_checkbox'><ul class='gfield_checkbox' id='input_296_7'><li class='gchoice gchoice_296_7_1'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input class='gfield-choice-input' name='input_7.1' type='checkbox'  value='I want updates about this campaign from Market Forces!' checked='checked' id='choice_296_7_1'   \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for='choice_296_7_1' id='label_296_7_1' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline'>I want updates about this campaign from Market Forces!<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n        <div class='gform-footer gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_296' class='gform_button button' onclick='gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);' data-submission-type='submit' value='Submit'  \/> \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submission_method' data-js='gform_submission_method_296' value='postback' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_theme' data-js='gform_theme_296' id='gform_theme_296' value='legacy' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_style_settings' data-js='gform_style_settings_296' id='gform_style_settings_296' value='[]' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_296' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='296' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_currency' data-currency='AUD' value='vqq9+AbnpEIL2dA\/30iRcDP24aOajugWBrsTgSQvrV6GAMjuVkjAydIhdHxUJoZ7XWWoVKinBDs7IL7RMfnL+HN\/xImnntlUp9+hKvKJkC5O7dY=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_296' value='WyJbXSIsIjYzYjEzY2E5ZGJhZWQ5NWVjMDAyMWUzMDg1NzdjZmQxIl0=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_296' id='gform_target_page_number_296' value='0' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_296' id='gform_source_page_number_296' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 296, 'https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_296').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_296');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_296').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){form_content.find('form').css('opacity', 0);jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { \/* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome *\/  }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_296').val();gformInitSpinner( 296, 'https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [296, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_296'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [296]);window['gf_submitting_296'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_296').text());}else{jQuery('#gform_296').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger(\"gform_pre_post_render\", [{ formId: \"296\", currentPage: \"current_page\", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]);        if (event && event.defaultPrevented) {                return;        }        const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_wrapper_296\" );        if ( gformWrapperDiv ) {            const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( \"span\" );            visibilitySpan.id = \"gform_visibility_test_296\";            gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( \"afterend\", visibilitySpan );        }        const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_visibility_test_296\" );        let postRenderFired = false;        function triggerPostRender() {            if ( postRenderFired ) {                return;            }            postRenderFired = true;            gform.core.triggerPostRenderEvents( 296, current_page );            if ( visibilityTestDiv ) {                visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv );            }        }        function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) {            var timeout;            return function() {                var context = this, args = arguments;                var later = function() {                    timeout = null;                    if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args );                };                var callNow = immediate && !timeout;                clearTimeout( timeout );                timeout = setTimeout( later, wait );                if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args );            };        }        const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() {            triggerPostRender();        }, 200 );        if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) {            const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => {                mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => {                    if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) {                        debouncedTriggerPostRender();                        observer.disconnect();                    }                });            });            observer.observe( document.body, {                attributes: true,                childList: false,                subtree: true,                attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ],            });        } else {            triggerPostRender();        }    } );} ); \n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_5_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px;\">Contents<\/h5>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;1px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#biggest-lenders\">Who are the biggest lenders to Australian LNG?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#big-four-banks\">Australia&#8217;s Big Four banks<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#no-place\">LNG has no place in a decarbonising world<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#what-banks-must-do-next\">What banks must do next<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#direct-lending\">Direct lending is the tip of the iceberg<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/US-EIA-LNG-export-capacity-.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;US EIA LNG export capacity&#8221; title_text=&#8221;US EIA LNG export capacity&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#903e4c&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Who are the biggest lenders to Australian LNG?<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Market Forces has identified $75 billion in loans from January 2008 &#8211; December 2019 backing 11 Australian LNG projects (all amounts are displayed in Australian dollars unless otherwise specified). Here are the biggest lenders to this climate-wrecking industry:<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"780\" src=\"https:\/\/datastudio.google.com\/embed\/reporting\/1zD6UBpWE3km7RPqgE-EDM2ota6xtXwt7\/page\/4spQB\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Japanese, Australian and Chinese lenders dominate lending to the Australian LNG sector.<\/p>\n<p>Topping the list of LNG lenders is the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) with $11 billion. JBIC is Japan\u2019s export credit agency (ECA), a government-owned bank that supports domestic companies&#8217; export operations.<\/p>\n<p>Japanese lenders including JBIC, MUFG, Mizuho and SMBC have loaned a combined $30 billion for 10 LNG projects, accounting for 40% of overall lending. Over half of this ($18 billion) was to finance the Ichthys LNG project, which part-owner INPEX states \u201cis expected to supply approximately 10 percent of Japan&#8217;s LNG imports\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Australia\u2019s big four banks \u2060\u2014 ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, NAB and Westpac \u2060\u2014 also play a critical role, having provided a combined $12.3 billion (16%) of loans backing 7 LNG projects, including Ichthys LNG, APLNG and Gladstone LNG. ANZ loaned the most of the big four, providing $4.9 billion.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/campaigns\/banks-new\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">If you\u2019re with one of the Big Four, put them on notice, telling them if they continue to choose fossil fuels, you\u2019ll choose another bank.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chinese banks loaned $11 billion (15%) and include China\u2019s ECA the Export-Import Bank of China, China Development Bank, as well as the world\u2019s four largest banks (by total assets); Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of China.<\/p>\n<p>The vast majority of this lending ($8.7 billion) was for the Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG) and Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) projects. According to May 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/energy\/china-still-hungry-for-australian-lng-20200514-p54stl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media reports<\/a>, these two projects are the largest sources of Chinese LNG imports.<\/p>\n<p>Other major lenders include those from the US, including the Export-Import Bank of the United States, which provided two huge loans for Queensland\u2019s APLNG and QCLNG projects, as well as multinational investment bank Citi.<\/p>\n<p>Lenders from the UK were also prominent and included Asia-focused multinational investment bank HSBC, providing loans across 4 different projects.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Total lending by bank country&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png\" style=\"width: 100%;\" alt=\"Total LNG lending by bank country\" class=\"wp-image-41031 alignnone\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png 960w, https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country-500x281.png 500w, https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country-100x56.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;Total lending over time&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>LNG finance boomed in 2012 and 2013, drawing over $15 billion and $21 billion respectively. This includes one of Australia&#8217;s largest ever project financings; $20 billion for the Ichthys LNG in January 2013, a project with components in both the Northern Territory and Western Australia.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-over-time.png\" alt=\"Total LNG lending over time in Australia\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-41033\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-over-time.png 960w, https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-over-time-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-over-time-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-over-time-500x281.png 500w, https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-over-time-100x56.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#903e4c&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Australia&#8217;s big four banks<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Australia\u2019s major banks have been instrumental in the development of Australia\u2019s LNG industry, lending at least $12.3 billion to Australian LNG projects since 2008. Adding insult to injury, they\u2019ve continued to support some of the largest LNG developers in the country, with ANZ and Westpac lending US$100 million and US$75 million (respectively) to Australia\u2019s biggest oil &amp; gas company Woodside in October 2019.<\/p>\n<p>Yet despite their continued support companies whose viability depends on the failure of the Paris Agreement, Australia\u2019s major banks are now <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/financial-services\/recovery-must-be-green-say-big-banks-20200515-p54tc2\">among those<\/a> \u201curging a radical rethink in how to steer the economy out of the pandemic-induced economic crisis, calling for stimulus measures that are consistent with the Paris Agreement climate targets.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#action\"><strong>Tell the Big Four banks: stop funding expansion of LNG and ensure that companies and their existing projects wind up their operations in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h6>Big four lending by year<\/h6>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-big-4-lending-by-year.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;Big 4 banks LNG lending by year&#8221; title_text=&#8221;LNG lending 2020 chart &#8211; big 4 lending by year&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h6>Big four lending by year<\/h6>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-big-4-lending-by-project.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;Big 4 banks LNG lending by project&#8221; title_text=&#8221;LNG lending 2020 chart &#8211; big 4 lending by project&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Despite having loaned billions to the industry over the past decade, some of Australia\u2019s major banks have taken significant steps towards ruling out lending to new LNG projects moving forward. In August 2019 Commonwealth Bank announced it will:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201conly provide Banking and Financing activity to New oil, gas or metallurgical coal projects if supported by an assessment of the environmental, social and economic impacts of such activity, and if in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Given our research finds Commonwealth Bank is the 8th largest backer of Australian LNG projects over the last decade, and that its latest reporting showed it had $2.8 billion on loan to LNG in June 2019, this isn\u2019t good news for companies pursuing new LNG developments. Given that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/key-issues\/keeping-global-warming-to-1-5-c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">latest science<\/a> shows building new or expanded LNG infrastructure is inconsistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement, Commonwealth Bank\u2019s policy should prohibit it from funding the expansion of LNG anywhere in the world moving forward.<\/p>\n<p>Westpac made a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/westpac-sets-thermal-coal-exit-date-re-commits-to-paris-alignment\/\">similar pledge<\/a> in May 2020, indicating that any financing of the sector from this point on will need to be in line with Westpac\u2019s commitment to the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n<p>ANZ and NAB have been left behind by the competition, as neither has made any form of commitment to stop funding expansion of the oil &amp; gas industry.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Top lenders to each project<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1px||1px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"740\" height=\"820\" src=\"https:\/\/datastudio.google.com\/embed\/reporting\/1Y-M-ZFIJ2oDT7SX0b0u4vJLJL6sirikL\/page\/gUqQB\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Gladstone-Port-development-QLD-credit-Greenpeace-Tom-Jefferson-Flickr-9305189426-740&#215;493-1.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;Gladstone LNG port development, QLD. Credit: Greenpeace \/ Tom Jefferson&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Gladstone LNG Port development QLD &#8211; credit Greenpeace Tom Jefferson Flickr 9305189426 740&#215;493&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em> Gladstone port development,  QLD. \u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Tom Jefferson<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#903e4c&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>LNG has no place in a decarbonising world<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Climate wrecking<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The science is clear; there is absolutely no room for expansion of the LNG industry if we\u2019re to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/key-issues\/keeping-global-warming-to-1-5-c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">limit global warming to 1.5\u00b0C<\/a> consistent with the Paris Agreement\u2019s climate goals.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cWe have no room to build anything that emits CO2 emissions.\u201d &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2018\/nov\/13\/world-has-no-capacity-to-absorb-new-fossil-fuel-plants-warns-iea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fatih Birol, Executive Director, International Energy Agency (13 Nov 2018)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>In fact, the LNG industry needs to shrink. According to modelling from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a 1.5\u00b0C scenario (P1: no or limited overshoot) would see primary energy from gas decrease by 25% by 2030 and by 74% by 2050 (from a 2010 baseline).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cWith average lifetimes of 20 years or longer for pipelines, terminals, wells, and platforms, the time to begin planning for a wind-down of gas production is, as with other fossil fuels, already upon us.\u201d &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/productiongap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Production-Gap-Report-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SEI, IISD, ODI, Climate Analytics, CICERO, and UNEP (2019).<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>In Australia, the gas industry is counteracting efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.industry.gov.au\/data-and-publications\/national-greenhouse-gas-inventory-september-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Australia\u2019s 2019 emissions report<\/a> showed that while emissions dropped for the electricity, agriculture and transport sectors, increases in emissions from the LNG-dominated gas sector wiped out these gains.<\/p>\n<p>Among the emissions released by the LNG industry are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2020-02-24\/lng-boom-increasing-carbon-emissions\/11993850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fugitive emissions<\/a> due to flaring and the venting and leakage of methane and carbon dioxide. LNG operations routinely release or flare gas to manage pipeline pressures but gas leaks are also a significant and often hidden source of emissions. So LNG is undermining Australia\u2019s own progress to meet the Paris Agreement\u2019s goals.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Production-Gap-Gas.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;Production Gap &#8211; Gas&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Production Gap &#8211; Gas LNG&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||28px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><em>Credit: The Production Gap: 2019 Report (Figure ES.2), <a href=\"https:\/\/productiongap.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/productiongap.org<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Gas impeding the transition to renewables<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>There are concerns that Australia\u2019s exported LNG could displace the use of renewable energy elsewhere and therefore increase emissions overseas. <a href=\"https:\/\/energy.anu.edu.au\/news-events\/australias-energy-exports-increase-global-greenhouse-emissions-not-decrease-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to<\/a> Frank Jotzo and Salim Mazouz of the Australian National University (ANU):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em> \u201cFor the most part, exported gas probably displaces natural gas that would otherwise be produced elsewhere, leaving overall emissions roughly the same. Some smaller share may displace coal. But it could just as easily displace renewable or nuclear energy, in which case Australian gas exports would increase global emissions, not reduce them.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This has been acknowledged by gas industry-funded research. According to a July 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/gisera.csiro.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GISERA_G2_Final_Report-whole-of-life-GHG-assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with an LNG project in Queensland conducted by the Gas Industry Social and Environmental Research Alliance (GISERA):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em> \u2018Where natural gas displaces renewable forms of electricity generation rather than coal, such as where market conditions prioritise natural gas over solar, wind or nuclear energy sources, potential climate benefits are reduced and possibly reversed.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Instead, Jotzo and Mazouz identify that clean renewable energy is the way forward:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cThankfully, there actually is a way for Australia to help the world cut emissions, and in a big way. That is by producing large amounts of renewable energy for export, in the form of hydrogen, ammonia, and other fuels produced using wind and solar power and shipped to other countries that are less blessed with abundant renewable energy resources.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Financial risk<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>According to analysis by independent financial think tank Carbon Tracker, as the world moves to replace fossil fuels with clean renewable energy, high cost sectors such as LNG and Arctic oil are among the most vulnerable to becoming stranded assets. Being stranded means these assets would no longer be able to generate an economic return for their investors.<\/p>\n<p>However LNG has been a risky bet for some investors even despite the transition. According to Bruce Robertson, Energy Finance Analyst at IEEFA, since 2014 there have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine-australia.com\/2020\/04\/27\/stepping-on-the-gas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant write offs<\/a> in the value of assets owned by major onshore coal-seam gas to LNG (CSG-to-LNG) producers Santos (nearly $7 billion), Origin Energy ($3 billion plus) and BG Group ($5 billion).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cSantos has taken a series of write-offs on its wealth-destroying investments in the coal seam gas to liquefied natural gas industry since its inception in 2014. All up, its investments in the CSG to LNG industry have been a financial failure.\u201d &#8211; Bruce Robertson (Energy Finance Analyst Gas\/LNG) and Tom Lawson (Research Assistant), IEEFA<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Robertson adds that falling share prices over the past 10 years of such oil and gas companies are further evidence that \u201cthey\u2019ve demonstrably destroyed wealth for their shareholders\u201d. This accords with recent analysis from Market Forces which finds that 11 companies whose sole business is producing coal, oil or gas halved in value since January 2010, while the broader sharemarket rose 20% over that time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cThey\u2019ve demonstrably destroyed wealth for their shareholders\u201d &#8211; Bruce Robertson, Energy Finance Analyst Gas\/LNG, IEEFA<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#903e4c&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>What banks must do next<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Despite the multitude of risks LNG poses to the climate and economy, companies are still pursuing tens of billions of dollars\u2019 worth of projects in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.<\/p>\n<p>Below is a list of Australian LNG projects being pursued according to the Office of the Chief Economist\u2019s \u2018Resources and Energy Major Projects List\u2019 published December 2019. As we recover from the COVID-19 crisis, <strong>these are the projects and companies banks must leave behind.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_toggle title=&#8221;LNG projects being pursued in Australia &#8211; Office of the Chief Economist (click to expand)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/datastudio.google.com\/embed\/reporting\/1wgnI1qyH5OEBbUqz7ur4JffvJi3aBSO4\/page\/AryQB\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>There is no doubt that a significant proportion of this planned expenditure would require bank loans.<\/p>\n<p>However in recent months and in response to COVID-19 and the oil price crash, a huge amount of this planned investment has been delayed. In March, Australia\u2019s largest oil &amp; gas producer Woodside announced the deferral of $53 billion of LNG growth projects in Western Australia, including the Scarborough, Pluto-2 and Browse projects. At the same time, Australian oil &amp; gas major Santos said it was &#8220;hunkering down&#8221; as it delayed the $7 billion Barossa gas project that would supply the Darwin LNG plant.<\/p>\n<p>New and expansionary LNG projects are completely inconsistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement and have no place in a decarbonising economy. As governments, industry, investors and society all move to place a clean energy transition at the centre of economic recovery and stimulus plans in response to COVID-19, investors must position themselves to leave incompatible fossil fuel projects, and the companies that have no interest in abandoning them, behind.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>Clean energy transitions must be at the center of economic recovery and stimulus plans. &#8211; International Energy Agency<\/em><\/p>\n<p>To achieve this, investors including banks should avoid providing direct funding (project finance) for these projects. However not all of the projects would be funded directly. Instead, companies can also fund projects indirectly by seeking corporate loans that can be used for a variety of purposes including financing LNG projects.<\/p>\n<p>Institutions providing corporate credit for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/campaigns\/super\/outofline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">companies<\/a> attempting to expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry, including the likes of Woodside and Santos, must do so only on the condition that these companies immediately stop wasteful spending on new fossil fuel projects and have concrete plans to manage down assets in a timeframe consistent with the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding those project loans to existing LNG infrastructure that banks have already provided and that are due for expiry and refinancing over the coming years and decades, banks considering recommitment to these projects must ensure that the project\u2019s output will decline in a manner consistent with the Paris Agreement, or else manage down credit exposure consistent with the same timeframe.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/plugins\/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FMarketForces%2Fposts%2F1645181398968074&#038;width=500\" width=\"500\" height=\"660\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowTransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\"><\/iframe>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>A closer look at some dirty LNG projects<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Australian LNG projects have been funded by 47 separate loans since 2008. Loans range from $163 million for LNG transport vessels to $19 billion (excluding sponsor loans) for the Ichthys project, Australia&#8217;s largest ever project finance deal. Explore some of Australia\u2019s major LNG projects, who is funding them and the problems they\u2019ve created (click to expand):<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_tabs _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Icthys LNG&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ichthys LNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based in Darwin. Operations started in 2018 and can liquefy almost 9 million tonnes of LNG per annum. The gas is extracted from a rig, 220km from Western Australia coast. A 890km gas pipeline carries the gas to Darwin, the longest subsea pipeline in the southern hemisphere.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Market Forces estimates that over the lifetime of the Ichthys project, it would enable the release of 1.1 billion tonnes of CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, double Australia\u2019s annual greenhouse gas emissions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ichthys is owned by Japanese oil &amp; gas company INPEX (66%). The remaining 33% of Ichthys is predominantly owned by French multinational oil &amp; gas major Total and a number of Japanese gas and utility companies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Market Forces identified multiple loans totalling $30 billion for Ichthys LNG during 2008 &#8211; 2019, with $19 billion of this provided in January 2013. Top lenders to Ichthys include the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($5.5B), Mizuho Financial Group ($4.1B), SMBC ($3.9B), MUFG ($3.9B), ANZ ($1.2B) and Commonwealth Bank ($941m).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aside from being environmentally destructive, Ichthys is also a very costly project. In 2018 the project saw an US$8 billion cost blowout, adding 17% to the original $45 billion estimate, and delays to production caused by a contractor walk out on a power plant for the Darwin LNG facilities. In the same year, Australian regulators took enforcement action against the operators of Ichthys facilities for electrical hazards that could have sparked a gas explosion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>APLNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based near Gladstone, Queensland, alongside two other massive LNG facilities; Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) and Gladstone LNG (GLNG).<\/p>\n<p>All of these facilities sit on Curtis Island, within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. The shipping, coastal industrialisation and climate change caused by these plants have been and remain a significant threat to the Reef.<\/p>\n<p>The owners of the facility include Origin (37.5%), ConocoPhillips (37.5%) and Sinopec (25%). <\/p>\n<p>Market Forces has identified $11 billion in loans for APLNG, with the top lenders being Export-Import Bank of China ($3.4B), the Export-Import Bank of the United States ($2.9B), ANZ ($942m), Commonwealth Bank ($870m), Westpac ($769m) and SMBC ($649m).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Pluto&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Pluto LNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based in the Pilbara, Western Australia. Pluto LNG\u2019s operations started in 2012 and can produce almost 5 million tonnes of LNG per annum.<\/p>\n<p>Pluto LNG is owned and operated by Woodside Energy. The facility is based next to Woodside\u2019s North-West Shelf LNG and Karratha Gas Plant facilities. Woodside plans to expand Pluto and connect its LNG assets through its Barrup Hub vision.<\/p>\n<p>Market Forces identified over $3.5B in finance for Pluto, with the top lenders being the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($1B), MUFG ($432m), Commonwealth Bank ($281m), ANZ ($193m), Development Bank of Japan ($169m) and Bank of China ($132m).<\/p>\n<p>Woodside demonstrates the fragility of the LNG industry in the wake of COVID-19 impacts and the oil price wars. With revenue dropping, Woodside has depended on bank loans for \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/the-investors-helping-woodside-weather-one-crisis-but-not-the-other\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crisis liquidity financing<\/a>\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/the-investors-helping-woodside-weather-one-crisis-but-not-the-other\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][et_pb_tab title=&#8221;Gorgon LNG&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Gorgon LNG is based on Barrow Island, Western Australia. The facilities are based north of its sister Wheatstone Project. Gorgon\u2019s operations started in 2016 and can produce over 15 million tonnes of LNG per annum.<\/p>\n<p>Gorgon is one of the most expensive LNG projects in history. Originally costed at US$37 billion in 2009, this blew out to US$54 billion, making it \u201cthe<a href=\"https:\/\/www.poten.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Natural-Gas-World-Nov-22-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> biggest investment<\/a> ever made in a single LNG project\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Gorgon LNG features the world&#8217;s biggest carbon capture and storage (CCS) project which involves injecting carbon dioxide under the Barrow Island. CCS operations only commenced in mid-2019 after months of failures. During its failures, the CCS project is estimated to account for half of Australia\u2019s increase in emissions in 2018. Gorgon LNG demonstrates how dirty LNG can be.<\/p>\n<p>Gorgon is owned by Chevron Corporation (47.3%), ExxonMobil (25%) and Royal Dutch Shell (25%). The remaining stakes (less than 3%) are owned by Osaka Gas, Tokyo Gas and Chubu Electric Power.<\/p>\n<p>Chevron displays some of Australia\u2019s most egregious examples of corporate fossil fuel behaviour. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/data.gov.au\/data\/dataset\/corporate-transparency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ATO data<\/a>, Chevron paid no tax in Australia in the 5 years to FY2018. Over the same timeframe, it donated $582,692 to Australia\u2019s major political parties. Meanwhile, its troubled Gorgon LNG CCS scheme was backed by a $60 million federal government subsidy (via the Low Emissions Technology Demonstration Fund).<\/p>\n<p>Market Forces identified almost $1B in loans for Gorgon, whose top lenders include the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($483m), the Export-Import Bank of China ($297m), MUFG ($171m) and SMBC ($28m).<\/p>\n<p>Please note that only a small amount of funding (A$1B) was identified for Gorgon relative to its total project cost (US$54B). This is because Gorgon\u2019s developers funded the project with their own equity, rather than via bank debt.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_tab][\/et_pb_tabs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#903e4c&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Direct lending is the tip of the iceberg<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>This study considered direct lending to LNG projects, also known as \u2018project finance\u2019, capturing 26 project finance deals involving $51 billion in loans. While project finance is the most common form of funding for LNG projects, this infrastructure can also be funded by various other pathways, with industry sources noting that neither Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG), Gladstone LNG (GLNG) nor Gorgon LNG used project finance loans to raise funding.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Corporate lending<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Market Forces also captured a less direct form of lending in this study, corporate lending, identifying 21 corporate finance deals involving over $24 billion loaned to Australian LNG since 2008.<\/p>\n<p>Corporate loans involve banks lending to a company rather than a project. Often these loans are used for \u2018general corporate purposes\u2019, which can be for a variety of uses including to refinance existing debt, helping cashflow or for project development. It is often difficult to discern exactly what the funding is used for and in many cases this must be estimated. However in the present study, Market Forces chose to only include those corporate deals with a clear link to specific LNG projects, where proceeds were primarily for funding the projects. This likely resulted in an under-estimate of corporate lending to the sector.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#000000&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Bond arrangement and bondholding<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>While Market Forces only captured loans as part of this study, bonds are a noteworthy piece of the overall LNG finance picture.<\/p>\n<p>For example, major Australian gas pipeline company APA Group issued $5 billion of bonds in March 2015 backing its acquisition of the Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) pipeline from BG group. In that case, BNP Paribas, HSBC, NAB and Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) helped APA sell \u20ac1,350 million to investors in the European bond market, as well as \u00a3600 million to investors in the UK bond market. Meanwhile, ANZ, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley and Bank of Nova Scotia helped APA issue US$1.4 billion in the US bond market. Commonwealth Bank, DNB Markets, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities and Westpac also helped issue the European, British and US bonds (acting as \u2018Co Managers\u2019).<\/p>\n<p>For a list of the biggest bond managers and bondholders in major Australian LNG producer Woodside,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/the-investors-helping-woodside-weather-one-crisis-but-not-the-other\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"><pee lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Over the last decade, major banks have funded a massive expansion of climate-wrecking <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/LNG?src=hash&#038;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#LNG<\/a> and there are plans for a 2nd wave.<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013><!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013>The science is clear: avoiding 1.5\u00b0C of warming means no expansion of dirty gas.<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013><!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013>As we recover, tell banks to leave LNG behind <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/AhM0cI1FgE\">https:\/\/t.co\/AhM0cI1FgE<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/k4ohO4ARYA\">pic.twitter.com\/k4ohO4ARYA<\/a><\/pee>\u2014 Market Forces (@market_forces) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/market_forces\/status\/1263633485551431682?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 22, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#903e4c&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Methodology<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><b>Scope<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assets: LNG projects in Australia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Timeframe: 1 Jan 2008 &#8211; 31 Dec 2019<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finance type: Project and corporate loans<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transaction type: Primary, refinancing, acquisition<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Market Forces obtained primary data from finance industry databases provided by IJGlobal and Refinitiv. Further primary data was sourced from company filings, reports and market disclosures. Figures were cross-referenced for consistency and verified against secondary material. This report presents a synthesis of this material.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The loans we have captured include refinancings, as (1) we consider each refinancing a conscious decision by a lender to continue supporting a project, and (2) the lending group can and often does change upon refinancing and we wanted to capture this.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where corporate lending occurred, Market Forces chose to only include those deals with a clear link to specific LNG projects, where proceeds were primarily for funding the projects. This likely resulted in an under-estimate of corporate lending to the sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dollar values represent the sum of committed loan amounts and are presented in Australian dollars unless otherwise specified. No adjustments have been made to reflect the net present value of facilities arranged before 1 Jan 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have tried to capture as much information as possible in this study but a lack of transparency about fossil fuel lending means it will only ever be a partial picture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|800||on|||||&#8221; header_2_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#903e4c&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;2.5em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Take Action<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Tell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of this climate-wrecking industry.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;#action&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Send your message&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; button_icon=&#8221;&#x36;||divi||400&#8243; button_icon_placement=&#8221;left&#8221; button_on_hover=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;rgba(67,50,68,0.15)&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;15px||15px||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>DISCLAIMER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The information provided by Market Forces does not constitute financial advice. The information is presented in order to inform people motivated by environmental concerns and take actions based on those concerns. Market Forces is organising data for environmental ends.<\/p>\n<p>The information and actions provided by Market Forces do not account for any individual&#8217;s personal objectives, financial situation or needs. It should not be used, relied upon, or treated as a substitute for specific professional advice.<\/p>\n<p>Market Forces recommends all users obtain their own independent professional advice before making any decision relating to their particular requirements or circumstances. Switching super funds may have unintended financial consequences.<\/p>\n<p>For more information about Market Forces, please visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/about-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about page<\/a> of the site.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ARCHIVED CONTENT This content is no longer being updated. Data on this page covers the period Jan 2008 &#8211; Dec 2019. WHY BANKS MUST ABANDON AUSTRALIA&#8217;S LNG INDUSTRY Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019. The 77.5 million tonnes of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":0,"parent":8618,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-blank-4.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[cs_content][cs_element_section _id=\"1\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"2\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"3\" ][x_custom_headline level=\"h1\" looks_like=\"h1\" accent=\"false\" class=\"cs-ta-center\" style=\"color: #ffffff;text-shadow: 2px 2px 0 #000;font-size: 50pt;margin-top: 80px;\"]WHY BANKS MUST ABANDON AUSTRALIA'S LNG INDUSTRY[\/x_custom_headline][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"5\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"6\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"7\" ][cs_text]\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em;\">Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.<\/h5>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 77.5 million tonnes of LNG exported from Australia in 2019 was enough to release 206 million tonnes of CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when combusted, equivalent to 39% of Australia\u2019s annual greenhouse gas emissions (for the year to September 2019).<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Behind this rapid expansion is a relatively small number of financial institutions that loaned more than $75 billion dollars to LNG projects and companies.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These projects and companies rely on the failure of the Paris Agreement, betting that the world\u2019s gas consumption will continue to rise over coming decades when the role of gas must actually decline if we\u2019re to avoid 1.5\u00b0C of warming.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet there are plans for another wave of Australian LNG, comprising new and expanded projects that would cost tens of billions of dollars more. None of this is compatible with a safe climate future.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But these plans are being put on hold by COVID-19 and the oil price crash. In March 2020, major Australian oil &amp; gas producers Woodside and Santos delayed investment decisions for $60 billion of planned LNG expenditure.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is our chance to leave LNG behind.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As governments, industry, investors and society all move to place a clean energy transition at the centre of economic recovery and stimulus plans in response to COVID-19, investors must position themselves to leave incompatible LNG projects, and the companies that have no interest in abandoning them, behind.<\/span>\n\n<b>Use this form to tell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of this climate-wrecking industry.<\/b>\n\n[\/cs_text][cs_element_gap _id=\"9\" ][\/cs_element_column][cs_element_column _id=\"10\" ][cs_text class=\"cs-ta-center\" style=\"background: url(https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/super-funds-form-header.png) center top no-repeat;min-height: 190px;text-align: center;color: #fff;padding: 10px;\"]\n<h4 style=\"color: #ffffff; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px;\">TAKE ACTION<\/h4>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Use this form to tell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of LNG and to ensure that LNG projects and companies wind up their operations in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.<\/span>\n\n[\/cs_text][gravityform id=\"296\" title=\"false\" description=\"false\" ajax=\"true\" tabindex=\"1\"][cs_element_gap _id=\"13\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"14\" ][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"15\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"16\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"17\" ][cs_text]\n<h5 style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px;\">Contents<\/h5>\n[\/cs_text][cs_element_line _id=\"19\" ][cs_text]\n<ol>\n \t<li><a href=\"#biggest-lenders\">Who are the biggest lenders to Australian LNG?<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#big-four-banks\">Australia's Big Four banks<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#no-place\">LNG has no place in a decarbonising world<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#what-banks-must-do-next\">What banks must do next<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#direct-lending\">Direct lending is the tip of the iceberg<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/cs_text][cs_element_gap _id=\"21\" ][\/cs_element_column][cs_element_column _id=\"22\" ][cs_element_image _id=\"23\" ][cs_text]\n<p style=\"margin-top: 1em; text-align: center;\"><em> Credit: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=40853\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Energy Information Administration<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"25\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"26\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"27\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"28\" ][x_custom_headline level=\"h3\" looks_like=\"h3\" accent=\"false\" id=\"biggest-lenders\" class=\"cs-ta-center ftfheading\" style=\"color: #903e4c;text-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #000;\"]Who are the biggest lenders to Australian LNG?[\/x_custom_headline][cs_element_gap _id=\"30\" ][cs_text]Market Forces has identified $75 billion in loans from January 2008 - December 2019 backing 11 Australian LNG projects (all amounts are displayed in Australian dollars unless otherwise specified). Here are the biggest lenders to this climate-wrecking industry:[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_row _id=\"32\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"33\" ][cs_element_raw_content _id=\"34\" ][\/cs_element_column][cs_element_column _id=\"35\" ][cs_text]\n\nJapanese, Australian and Chinese lenders dominate lending to the Australian LNG sector.\n\nTopping the list of LNG lenders is the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) with $11 billion. JBIC is Japan\u2019s export credit agency (ECA), a government-owned bank that supports domestic companies' export operations.\n\nJapanese lenders including JBIC, MUFG, Mizuho and SMBC have loaned a combined $30 billion for 10 LNG projects, accounting for 40% of overall lending. Over half of this ($18 billion) was to finance the Ichthys LNG project, which part-owner INPEX states \u201cis expected to supply approximately 10 percent of Japan's LNG imports\u201d.\n\nAustralia\u2019s big four banks \u2060\u2014 ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, NAB and Westpac \u2060\u2014 also play a critical role, having provided a combined $12.3 billion (16%) of loans backing 7 LNG projects, including Ichthys LNG, APLNG and Gladstone LNG. ANZ loaned the most of the big four, providing $4.9 billion.\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/campaigns\/banks-new\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">If you\u2019re with one of the Big Four, put them on notice, telling them if they continue to choose fossil fuels, you\u2019ll choose another bank.<\/a>\n\nChinese banks loaned $11 billion (15%) and include China\u2019s ECA the Export-Import Bank of China, China Development Bank, as well as the world\u2019s four largest banks (by total assets); Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of China.\n\nThe vast majority of this lending ($8.7 billion) was for the Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG) and Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) projects. According to May 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/energy\/china-still-hungry-for-australian-lng-20200514-p54stl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">media reports<\/a>, these two projects are the largest sources of Chinese LNG imports.\n\nOther major lenders include those from the US, including the Export-Import Bank of the United States, which provided two huge loans for Queensland\u2019s APLNG and QCLNG projects, as well as multinational investment bank Citi.\n\nLenders from the UK were also prominent and included Asia-focused multinational investment bank HSBC, providing loans across 4 different projects.\n\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_row _id=\"37\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"38\" ][cs_element_raw_content _id=\"39\" ][\/cs_element_column][cs_element_column _id=\"40\" ][cs_text]\n\nJapanese, Australian and Chinese lenders dominate lending to the Australian LNG sector.\n\nTopping the list of LNG lenders is the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) with $11 billion. JBIC is Japan\u2019s export credit agency (ECA), a government-owned bank that supports domestic companies' export operations.\n\nJapanese lenders including JBIC, MUFG, Mizuho and SMBC have loaned a combined $30 billion for 10 LNG projects, accounting for 40% of overall lending. Over half of this ($18 billion) was to finance the Ichthys LNG project, which part-owner INPEX states \u201cis expected to supply approximately 10 percent of Japan's LNG imports\u201d.\n\nAustralia\u2019s big four banks \u2060\u2014 ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, NAB and Westpac \u2060\u2014 also play a critical role, having provided a combined $12.3 billion (16%) of loans backing 7 LNG projects, including Ichthys LNG, APLNG and Gladstone LNG. ANZ loaned the most of the big four, providing $4.9 billion.\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/campaigns\/banks-new\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">If you\u2019re with one of the Big Four, put them on notice, telling them if they continue to choose fossil fuels, you\u2019ll choose another bank.<\/a>\n\nChinese banks loaned $11 billion (15%) and include China\u2019s ECA the Export-Import Bank of China, China Development Bank, as well as the world\u2019s four largest banks (by total assets); Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of China.\n\nThe vast majority of this lending ($8.7 billion) was for the Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG) and Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) projects. According to May 2020 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/energy\/china-still-hungry-for-australian-lng-20200514-p54stl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">media reports<\/a>, these two projects are the largest sources of Chinese LNG imports.\n\nOther major lenders include those from the US, including the Export-Import Bank of the United States, which provided two huge loans for Queensland\u2019s APLNG and QCLNG projects, as well as multinational investment bank Citi.\n\nLenders from the UK were also prominent and included Asia-focused multinational investment bank HSBC, providing loans across 4 different projects.\n\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"42\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"43\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"44\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"45\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"46\" ][x_accordion class=\"accordionSunsetPurple\"][x_accordion_item title=\"Total lending by bank country\" open=\"false\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png\" alt=\"Total LNG lending by bank country\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-41031\">[\/x_accordion_item][\/x_accordion][cs_element_gap _id=\"49\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"50\" ][x_accordion][x_accordion_item title=\"Total lending over time\" open=\"false\"  class=\"accordionSunsetPurple\"]LNG finance boomed in 2012 and 2013, drawing over $15 billion and $21 billion respectively. This includes one of Australia's largest ever project financings; $20 billion for the Ichthys LNG in January 2013, a project with components in both the Northern Territory and Western Australia.<img src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-over-time.png\" alt=\"Total LNG lending over time in Australia\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-41033\">[\/x_accordion_item][\/x_accordion][cs_element_gap _id=\"53\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"54\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"55\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"56\" ][x_custom_headline level=\"h3\" looks_like=\"h3\" accent=\"false\" id=\"big-four-banks\" class=\"cs-ta-center ftfheading\" style=\"color: #903e4c;text-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #000;\"]Australia's big four banks[\/x_custom_headline][cs_element_gap _id=\"58\" ][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"59\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"60\" ][cs_text]\n\nAustralia\u2019s major banks have been instrumental in the development of Australia\u2019s LNG industry, lending at least $12.3 billion to Australian LNG projects since 2008. Adding insult to injury, they\u2019ve continued to support some of the largest LNG developers in the country, with ANZ and Westpac lending US$100 million and US$75 million (respectively) to Australia\u2019s biggest oil &amp; gas company Woodside in October 2019.\n\nYet despite their continued support companies whose viability depends on the failure of the Paris Agreement, Australia\u2019s major banks are now <a href=\"https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/financial-services\/recovery-must-be-green-say-big-banks-20200515-p54tc2\">among those<\/a> \u201curging a radical rethink in how to steer the economy out of the pandemic-induced economic crisis, calling for stimulus measures that are consistent with the Paris Agreement climate targets.\u201d\n\n<a href=\"#action\"><strong>Tell the Big Four banks: stop funding expansion of LNG and ensure that companies and their existing projects wind up their operations in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.<\/strong><\/a>\n\n[\/cs_text][cs_element_gap _id=\"62\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"63\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"64\" ][cs_text]\n<h6>Big four lending by year<\/h6>\n[\/cs_text][cs_element_image _id=\"66\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"67\" ][cs_text]\n<h6>Big four lending by project<\/h6>\n[\/cs_text][cs_element_image _id=\"69\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"70\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"71\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"72\" ][cs_text]\n\nDespite having loaned billions to the industry over the past decade, some of Australia\u2019s major banks have taken significant steps towards ruling out lending to new LNG projects moving forward. In August 2019 Commonwealth Bank announced it will:\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201conly provide Banking and Financing activity to New oil, gas or metallurgical coal projects if supported by an assessment of the environmental, social and economic impacts of such activity, and if in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nGiven our research finds Commonwealth Bank is the 8th largest backer of Australian LNG projects over the last decade, and that its latest reporting showed it had $2.8 billion on loan to LNG in June 2019, this isn\u2019t good news for companies pursuing new LNG developments. Given that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/key-issues\/keeping-global-warming-to-1-5-c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">latest science<\/a> shows building new or expanded LNG infrastructure is inconsistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement, Commonwealth Bank\u2019s policy should prohibit it from funding the expansion of LNG anywhere in the world moving forward.\n\nWestpac made a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/westpac-sets-thermal-coal-exit-date-re-commits-to-paris-alignment\/\">similar pledge<\/a> in May 2020, indicating that any financing of the sector from this point on will need to be in line with Westpac\u2019s commitment to the Paris Agreement.\n\nANZ and NAB have been left behind by the competition, as neither has made any form of commitment to stop funding expansion of the oil &amp; gas industry.\n\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"74\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"75\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"76\" ][cs_element_text _id=\"77\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"78\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"79\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"80\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"81\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"82\" ][cs_element_raw_content _id=\"83\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"84\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"85\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"86\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"87\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"88\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"89\" ][cs_element_image _id=\"90\" ][cs_text style=\"margin-top: 0.5em;\"]<em> Gladstone port development,  QLD. \u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Tom Jefferson<\/em>[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"92\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"93\" ][cs_element_image _id=\"94\" ][cs_text style=\"margin-top: 0.5em;\"]<em>Curtis Island LNG plant, Gladstone Qld. Credit: GreensMPs (Flickr) CC BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/em>[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_layout_column][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"96\" ][cs_element_raw_content _id=\"97\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"98\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"99\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"100\" ][x_custom_headline level=\"h3\" looks_like=\"h3\" accent=\"false\" id=\"no-place\" class=\"cs-ta-center ftfheading\" style=\"color: #903e4c;text-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #000;\"]LNG has no place in a decarbonising world[\/x_custom_headline][cs_element_gap _id=\"102\" ][cs_element_text _id=\"103\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"104\" ][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"105\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"106\" ][cs_text]\n\nThe science is clear; there is absolutely no room for expansion of the LNG industry if we\u2019re to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/key-issues\/keeping-global-warming-to-1-5-c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">limit global warming to 1.5\u00b0C<\/a> consistent with the Paris Agreement\u2019s climate goals.\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cWe have no room to build anything that emits CO2 emissions.\u201d - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2018\/nov\/13\/world-has-no-capacity-to-absorb-new-fossil-fuel-plants-warns-iea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fatih Birol, Executive Director, International Energy Agency (13 Nov 2018)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\nIn fact, the LNG industry needs to shrink. According to modelling from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a 1.5\u00b0C scenario (P1: no or limited overshoot) would see primary energy from gas decrease by 25% by 2030 and by 74% by 2050 (from a 2010 baseline).\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cWith average lifetimes of 20 years or longer for pipelines, terminals, wells, and platforms, the time to begin planning for a wind-down of gas production is, as with other fossil fuels, already upon us.\u201d - <a href=\"http:\/\/productiongap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Production-Gap-Report-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SEI, IISD, ODI, Climate Analytics, CICERO, and UNEP (2019).<\/a><\/em><\/p>\nIn Australia, the gas industry is counteracting efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.industry.gov.au\/data-and-publications\/national-greenhouse-gas-inventory-september-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Australia\u2019s 2019 emissions report<\/a> showed that while emissions dropped for the electricity, agriculture and transport sectors, increases in emissions from the LNG-dominated gas sector wiped out these gains.\n\nAmong the emissions released by the LNG industry are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2020-02-24\/lng-boom-increasing-carbon-emissions\/11993850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fugitive emissions<\/a> due to flaring and the venting and leakage of methane and carbon dioxide. LNG operations routinely release or flare gas to manage pipeline pressures but gas leaks are also a significant and often hidden source of emissions. So LNG is undermining Australia\u2019s own progress to meet the Paris Agreement\u2019s goals.\n\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_layout_column][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"108\" ][cs_element_image _id=\"109\" ][cs_text style=\"margin-top: 0.5em;\"]<em>Credit: The Production Gap: 2019 Report (Figure ES.2), <a href=\"https:\/\/productiongap.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/productiongap.org<\/a><\/em>[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"111\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"112\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"113\" ][cs_element_text _id=\"114\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"115\" ][cs_text]\n\nThere are concerns that Australia\u2019s exported LNG could displace the use of renewable energy elsewhere and therefore increase emissions overseas. <a href=\"https:\/\/energy.anu.edu.au\/news-events\/australias-energy-exports-increase-global-greenhouse-emissions-not-decrease-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">According to<\/a> Frank Jotzo and Salim Mazouz of the Australian National University (ANU):\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em> \u201cFor the most part, exported gas probably displaces natural gas that would otherwise be produced elsewhere, leaving overall emissions roughly the same. Some smaller share may displace coal. But it could just as easily displace renewable or nuclear energy, in which case Australian gas exports would increase global emissions, not reduce them.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\nThis has been acknowledged by gas industry-funded research. According to a July 2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/gisera.csiro.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/GISERA_G2_Final_Report-whole-of-life-GHG-assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study<\/a> of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with an LNG project in Queensland conducted by the Gas Industry Social and Environmental Research Alliance (GISERA):\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em> \u2018Where natural gas displaces renewable forms of electricity generation rather than coal, such as where market conditions prioritise natural gas over solar, wind or nuclear energy sources, potential climate benefits are reduced and possibly reversed.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\nInstead, Jotzo and Mazouz identify that clean renewable energy is the way forward:\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cThankfully, there actually is a way for Australia to help the world cut emissions, and in a big way. That is by producing large amounts of renewable energy for export, in the form of hydrogen, ammonia, and other fuels produced using wind and solar power and shipped to other countries that are less blessed with abundant renewable energy resources.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"117\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"118\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"119\" ][cs_element_text _id=\"120\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"121\" ][cs_text]\n\nAccording to analysis by independent financial think tank Carbon Tracker, as the world moves to replace fossil fuels with clean renewable energy, high cost sectors such as LNG and Arctic oil are among the most vulnerable to becoming stranded assets. Being stranded means these assets would no longer be able to generate an economic return for their investors.\n\nHowever LNG has been a risky bet for some investors even despite the transition. According to Bruce Robertson, Energy Finance Analyst at IEEFA, since 2014 there have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine-australia.com\/2020\/04\/27\/stepping-on-the-gas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">significant write offs<\/a> in the value of assets owned by major onshore coal-seam gas to LNG (CSG-to-LNG) producers Santos (nearly $7 billion), Origin Energy ($3 billion plus) and BG Group ($5 billion).\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cSantos has taken a series of write-offs on its wealth-destroying investments in the coal seam gas to liquefied natural gas industry since its inception in 2014. All up, its investments in the CSG to LNG industry have been a financial failure.\u201d - Bruce Robertson (Energy Finance Analyst Gas\/LNG) and Tom Lawson (Research Assistant), IEEFA<\/em><\/p>\nRobertson adds that falling share prices over the past 10 years of such oil and gas companies are further evidence that \u201cthey\u2019ve demonstrably destroyed wealth for their shareholders\u201d. This accords with recent analysis from Market Forces which finds that 11 companies whose sole business is producing coal, oil or gas halved in value since January 2010, while the broader sharemarket rose 20% over that time.\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>\u201cThey\u2019ve demonstrably destroyed wealth for their shareholders\u201d - Bruce Robertson, Energy Finance Analyst Gas\/LNG, IEEFA<\/em><\/p>\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"123\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"124\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"125\" ][x_custom_headline level=\"h3\" looks_like=\"h3\" accent=\"false\" id=\"what-banks-must-do-next\" class=\"cs-ta-center ftfheading\" style=\"color: #903e4c;margin-bottom:10px;text-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #000;\"]What banks must do next[\/x_custom_headline][cs_element_gap _id=\"127\" ][cs_text]\n\nDespite the multitude of risks LNG poses to the climate and economy, companies are still pursuing tens of billions of dollars\u2019 worth of projects in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.\n\nBelow is a list of Australian LNG projects being pursued according to the Office of the Chief Economist\u2019s \u2018Resources and Energy Major Projects List\u2019 published December 2019. As we recover from the COVID-19 crisis, <strong>these are the projects and companies banks must leave behind.<\/strong>\n\n[\/cs_text][x_accordion id=\"expansion\" class=\"accordionSunsetPurple\"][x_accordion_item title=\"LNG projects being pursued in Australia - Office of the Chief Economist (click to expand)\" open=\"false\"]<iframe width=\"1200\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/datastudio.google.com\/embed\/reporting\/1wgnI1qyH5OEBbUqz7ur4JffvJi3aBSO4\/page\/AryQB\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe>[\/x_accordion_item][\/x_accordion][cs_element_gap _id=\"131\" ][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"132\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"133\" ][cs_text]\n\nThere is no doubt that a significant proportion of this planned expenditure would require bank loans.\n\nHowever in recent months and in response to COVID-19 and the oil price crash, a huge amount of this planned investment has been delayed. In March, Australia\u2019s largest oil &amp; gas producer Woodside announced the deferral of $53 billion of LNG growth projects in Western Australia, including the Scarborough, Pluto-2 and Browse projects. At the same time, Australian oil &amp; gas major Santos said it was \"hunkering down\" as it delayed the $7 billion Barossa gas project that would supply the Darwin LNG plant.\n\nNew and expansionary LNG projects are completely inconsistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement and have no place in a decarbonising economy. As governments, industry, investors and society all move to place a clean energy transition at the centre of economic recovery and stimulus plans in response to COVID-19, investors must position themselves to leave incompatible fossil fuel projects, and the companies that have no interest in abandoning them, behind.\n<p style=\"padding-left: 2em;\"><em>Clean energy transitions must be at the center of economic recovery and stimulus plans. - International Energy Agency<\/em><\/p>\nTo achieve this, investors including banks should avoid providing direct funding (project finance) for these projects. However not all of the projects would be funded directly. Instead, companies can also fund projects indirectly by seeking corporate loans that can be used for a variety of purposes including financing LNG projects.\n\nInstitutions providing corporate credit for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/campaigns\/super\/outofline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">companies<\/a> attempting to expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry, including the likes of Woodside and Santos, must do so only on the condition that these companies immediately stop wasteful spending on new fossil fuel projects and have concrete plans to manage down assets in a timeframe consistent with the Paris Agreement.\n\nRegarding those project loans to existing LNG infrastructure that banks have already provided and that are due for expiry and refinancing over the coming years and decades, banks considering recommitment to these projects must ensure that the project\u2019s output will decline in a manner consistent with the Paris Agreement, or else manage down credit exposure consistent with the same timeframe.\n\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_layout_column][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"135\" ][cs_element_raw_content _id=\"136\" ][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"137\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"138\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"139\" ][cs_element_text _id=\"140\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"141\" ][cs_text]Australian LNG projects have been funded by 47 separate loans since 2008. Loans range from $163 million for LNG transport vessels to $19 billion (excluding sponsor loans) for the Ichthys project, Australia's largest ever project finance deal. Explore some of Australia\u2019s major LNG projects, who is funding them and the problems they\u2019ve created (click to expand):[\/cs_text][cs_element_gap _id=\"143\" ][x_tab_nav type=\"four-up\" float=\"left\"][x_tab_nav_item title=\"Icthys LNG\" active=\"true\"][x_tab_nav_item title=\"Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG)\" active=\"false\"][x_tab_nav_item title=\"Pluto\" active=\"false\"][x_tab_nav_item title=\"Gorgon LNG\" active=\"false\"][\/x_tab_nav][x_tabs][x_tab active=\"true\"]\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ichthys LNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based in Darwin. Operations started in 2018 and can liquefy almost 9 million tonnes of LNG per annum. The gas is extracted from a rig, 220km from Western Australia coast. A 890km gas pipeline carries the gas to Darwin, the longest subsea pipeline in the southern hemisphere.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Market Forces estimates that over the lifetime of the Ichthys project, it would enable the release of 1.1 billion tonnes of CO<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, double Australia\u2019s annual greenhouse gas emissions.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ichthys is owned by Japanese oil &amp; gas company INPEX (66%). The remaining 33% of Ichthys is predominantly owned by French multinational oil &amp; gas major Total and a number of Japanese gas and utility companies.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Market Forces identified multiple loans totalling $30 billion for Ichthys LNG during 2008 - 2019, with $19 billion of this provided in January 2013. Top lenders to Ichthys include the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($5.5B), Mizuho Financial Group ($4.1B), SMBC ($3.9B), MUFG ($3.9B), ANZ ($1.2B) and Commonwealth Bank ($941m).<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aside from being environmentally destructive, Ichthys is also a very costly project. In 2018 the project saw an US$8 billion cost blowout, adding 17% to the original $45 billion estimate, and delays to production caused by a contractor walk out on a power plant for the Darwin LNG facilities. In the same year, Australian regulators took enforcement action against the operators of Ichthys facilities for electrical hazards that could have sparked a gas explosion.<\/span>\n\n[\/x_tab][x_tab active=\"false\"]APLNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based near Gladstone, Queensland, alongside two other massive LNG facilities; Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) and Gladstone LNG (GLNG).\n\nAll of these facilities sit on Curtis Island, within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. The shipping, coastal industrialisation and climate change caused by these plants have been and remain a significant threat to the Reef.\n\nThe owners of the facility include Origin (37.5%), ConocoPhillips (37.5%) and Sinopec (25%).\n\nMarket Forces has identified $11 billion in loans for APLNG, with the top lenders being Export-Import Bank of China ($3.4B), the Export-Import Bank of the United States ($2.9B), ANZ ($942m), Commonwealth Bank ($870m), Westpac ($769m) and SMBC ($649m).\n[\/x_tab][x_tab active=\"false\"]\n\nPluto LNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based in the Pilbara, Western Australia. Pluto LNG\u2019s operations started in 2012 and can produce almost 5 million tonnes of LNG per annum.\n\nPluto LNG is owned and operated by Woodside Energy. The facility is based next to Woodside\u2019s North-West Shelf LNG and Karratha Gas Plant facilities. Woodside plans to expand Pluto and connect its LNG assets through its Barrup Hub vision.\n\nMarket Forces identified over $3.5B in finance for Pluto, with the top lenders being the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($1B), MUFG ($432m), Commonwealth Bank ($281m), ANZ ($193m), Development Bank of Japan ($169m) and Bank of China ($132m).\n\nWoodside demonstrates the fragility of the LNG industry in the wake of COVID-19 impacts and the oil price wars. With revenue dropping, Woodside has depended on bank loans for \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/the-investors-helping-woodside-weather-one-crisis-but-not-the-other\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crisis liquidity financing<\/a>\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/the-investors-helping-woodside-weather-one-crisis-but-not-the-other\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/a>\n\n[\/x_tab][x_tab active=\"false\"]\n\nGorgon LNG is based on Barrow Island, Western Australia. The facilities are based north of its sister Wheatstone Project. Gorgon\u2019s operations started in 2016 and can produce over 15 million tonnes of LNG per annum.\n\nGorgon is one of the most expensive LNG projects in history. Originally costed at US$37 billion in 2009, this blew out to US$54 billion, making it \u201cthe<a href=\"https:\/\/www.poten.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/Natural-Gas-World-Nov-22-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> biggest investment<\/a> ever made in a single LNG project\u201d.\n\nGorgon LNG features the world's biggest carbon capture and storage (CCS) project which involves injecting carbon dioxide under the Barrow Island. CCS operations only commenced in mid-2019 after months of failures. During its failures, the CCS project is estimated to account for half of Australia\u2019s increase in emissions in 2018. Gorgon LNG demonstrates how dirty LNG can be.\n\nGorgon is owned by Chevron Corporation (47.3%), ExxonMobil (25%) and Royal Dutch Shell (25%). The remaining stakes (less than 3%) are owned by Osaka Gas, Tokyo Gas and Chubu Electric Power.\n\nChevron displays some of Australia\u2019s most egregious examples of corporate fossil fuel behaviour. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/data.gov.au\/data\/dataset\/corporate-transparency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ATO data<\/a>, Chevron paid no tax in Australia in the 5 years to FY2018. Over the same timeframe, it donated $582,692 to Australia\u2019s major political parties. Meanwhile, its troubled Gorgon LNG CCS scheme was backed by a $60 million federal government subsidy (via the Low Emissions Technology Demonstration Fund).\n\nMarket Forces identified almost $1B in loans for Gorgon, whose top lenders include the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($483m), the Export-Import Bank of China ($297m), MUFG ($171m) and SMBC ($28m).\n\nPlease note that only a small amount of funding (A$1B) was identified for Gorgon relative to its total project cost (US$54B). This is because Gorgon\u2019s developers funded the project with their own equity, rather than via bank debt.\n\n[\/x_tab][\/x_tabs][\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"149\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"150\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"151\" ][x_custom_headline level=\"h3\" looks_like=\"h3\" accent=\"false\" id=\"direct-lending\" class=\"cs-ta-center ftfheading\" style=\"color: #903e4c;margin-bottom:10px;text-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #000;\"]Direct lending is the tip of the iceberg[\/x_custom_headline][cs_element_gap _id=\"153\" ][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_row _id=\"154\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"155\" ][cs_text]This study considered direct lending to LNG projects, also known as \u2018project finance\u2019, capturing 26 project finance deals involving $51 billion in loans. While project finance is the most common form of funding for LNG projects, this infrastructure can also be funded by various other pathways, with industry sources noting that neither Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG), Gladstone LNG (GLNG) nor Gorgon LNG used project finance loans to raise funding.[\/cs_text][cs_element_gap _id=\"157\" ][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_row _id=\"158\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"159\" ][cs_element_text _id=\"160\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"161\" ][cs_text]Market Forces also captured a less direct form of lending in this study, corporate lending, identifying 21 corporate finance deals involving over $24 billion loaned to Australian LNG since 2008.\n\nCorporate loans involve banks lending to a company rather than a project. Often these loans are used for \u2018general corporate purposes\u2019, which can be for a variety of uses including to refinance existing debt, helping cashflow or for project development. It is often difficult to discern exactly what the funding is used for and in many cases this must be estimated. However in the present study, Market Forces chose to only include those corporate deals with a clear link to specific LNG projects, where proceeds were primarily for funding the projects. This likely resulted in an under-estimate of corporate lending to the sector.\n[\/cs_text][cs_element_gap _id=\"163\" ][cs_element_text _id=\"164\" ][cs_element_gap _id=\"165\" ][cs_text]\n\nWhile Market Forces only captured loans as part of this study, bonds are a noteworthy piece of the overall LNG finance picture.\n\nFor example, major Australian gas pipeline company APA Group issued $5 billion of bonds in March 2015 backing its acquisition of the Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) pipeline from BG group. In that case, BNP Paribas, HSBC, NAB and Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) helped APA sell \u20ac1,350 million to investors in the European bond market, as well as \u00a3600 million to investors in the UK bond market. Meanwhile, ANZ, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley and Bank of Nova Scotia helped APA issue US$1.4 billion in the US bond market. Commonwealth Bank, DNB Markets, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities and Westpac also helped issue the European, British and US bonds (acting as \u2018Co Managers\u2019).\n\nFor a list of the biggest bond managers and bondholders in major Australian LNG producer Woodside,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/the-investors-helping-woodside-weather-one-crisis-but-not-the-other\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> click here<\/a>.\n\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_column][cs_element_column _id=\"167\" ][cs_element_raw_content _id=\"168\" ][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"169\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"170\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"171\" ][x_custom_headline level=\"h3\" looks_like=\"h3\" accent=\"false\" class=\"cs-ta-center ftfheading\" style=\"color: #903e4c;margin-bottom:10px;text-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #000;\"]Methodology[\/x_custom_headline][cs_element_gap _id=\"173\" ][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][cs_element_row _id=\"174\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"175\" ][cs_text]\n\n<b>Scope<\/b>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assets: LNG projects in Australia<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Timeframe: 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2019<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finance type: Project and corporate loans<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transaction type: Primary, refinancing, acquisition<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Market Forces obtained primary data from finance industry databases provided by IJGlobal and Refinitiv. Further primary data was sourced from company filings, reports and market disclosures. Figures were cross-referenced for consistency and verified against secondary material. This report presents a synthesis of this material.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The loans we have captured include refinancings, as (1) we consider each refinancing a conscious decision by a lender to continue supporting a project, and (2) the lending group can and often does change upon refinancing and we wanted to capture this.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where corporate lending occurred, Market Forces chose to only include those deals with a clear link to specific LNG projects, where proceeds were primarily for funding the projects. This likely resulted in an under-estimate of corporate lending to the sector.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dollar values represent the sum of committed loan amounts and are presented in Australian dollars unless otherwise specified. No adjustments have been made to reflect the net present value of facilities arranged before 1 Jan 2020.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have tried to capture as much information as possible in this study but a lack of transparency about fossil fuel lending means it will only ever be a partial picture.<\/span>\n\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"177\" ][cs_element_layout_row _id=\"178\" ][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"179\" ]&nbsp;[\/cs_element_layout_column][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"180\" ][x_custom_headline level=\"h3\" looks_like=\"h3\" accent=\"false\" class=\"cs-ta-center ftfheading\" style=\"color: #903e4c;margin-bottom:10px;text-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #000;\"]Take Action[\/x_custom_headline][cs_element_gap _id=\"182\" ][cs_text class=\"cs-ta-center\"]Tell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of this climate-wrecking industry.[\/cs_text][cs_element_gap _id=\"184\" ][cs_element_layout_row_2 _id=\"185\" ][cs_element_layout_column_2 _id=\"186\" ][x_button size=\"global\" block=\"false\" circle=\"false\" icon_only=\"false\" href=\"#action\" title=\"\" target=\"\" info=\"none\" info_place=\"top\" info_trigger=\"hover\" info_content=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom:10px;background-color: #a1b93c;border-color: #a1b93c;\"][x_icon type=\"angle-double-up\" class=\"mvn mln mrs\"]Send your message[\/x_button][\/cs_element_layout_column_2][\/cs_element_layout_row_2][\/cs_element_layout_column][cs_element_layout_column _id=\"188\" ]&nbsp;[\/cs_element_layout_column][\/cs_element_layout_row][\/cs_element_section][cs_element_section _id=\"189\" ][cs_element_row _id=\"190\" ][cs_element_column _id=\"191\" ][cs_text]\n\n<strong>DISCLAIMER<\/strong>\n\nThe information provided by Market Forces does not constitute financial advice. The information is presented in order to inform people motivated by environmental concerns and take actions based on those concerns. Market Forces is organising data for environmental ends.\n\nThe information and actions provided by Market Forces do not account for any individual's personal objectives, financial situation or needs. It should not be used, relied upon, or treated as a substitute for specific professional advice.\n\nMarket Forces recommends all users obtain their own independent professional advice before making any decision relating to their particular requirements or circumstances. Switching super funds may have unintended financial consequences.\n\nFor more information about Market Forces, please visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/about-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">about page<\/a> of the site.\n\n<hr>\n\n[\/cs_text][\/cs_element_column][\/cs_element_row][\/cs_element_section][\/cs_content][cs_content_seo]WHY BANKS MUST ABANDON AUSTRALIA'S LNG INDUSTRY\n\nOver the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.\nThe 77.5 million tonnes of LNG exported from Australia in 2019 was enough to release 206 million tonnes of CO2 when combusted, equivalent to 39% of Australia\u2019s annual greenhouse gas emissions (for the year to September 2019).\n\nBehind this rapid expansion is a relatively small number of financial institutions that loaned more than $75 billion dollars to LNG projects and companies.\n\nThese projects and companies rely on the failure of the Paris Agreement, betting that the world\u2019s gas consumption will continue to rise over coming decades when the role of gas must actually decline if we\u2019re to avoid 1.5\u00b0C of warming.\n\nYet there are plans for another wave of Australian LNG, comprising new and expanded projects that would cost tens of billions of dollars more. None of this is compatible with a safe climate future.\n\nBut these plans are being put on hold by COVID-19 and the oil price crash. In March 2020, major Australian oil &amp; gas producers Woodside and Santos delayed investment decisions for $60 billion of planned LNG expenditure.\n\nThis is our chance to leave LNG behind.\n\nAs governments, industry, investors and society all move to place a clean energy transition at the centre of economic recovery and stimulus plans in response to COVID-19, investors must position themselves to leave incompatible LNG projects, and the companies that have no interest in abandoning them, behind.\n\nUse this form to tell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of this climate-wrecking industry.\n\nTAKE ACTION\nUse this form to tell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of LNG and to ensure that LNG projects and companies wind up their operations in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.\n\nName*\n\nFirst\n\nLast\n\nEmail*\n\nCountryAfghanistan\u00c5land IslandsAlbaniaAlgeriaAmerican SamoaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntarcticaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBonaire, Sint Eustatius and SabaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBouvet IslandBrazilBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBrunei DarussalamBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChristmas IslandCocos IslandsColombiaComorosCongo, Democratic Republic of theCongo, Republic of theCook IslandsCosta RicaC\u00f4te d'IvoireCroatiaCubaCura\u00e7aoCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEswatini (Swaziland)EthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFijiFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern TerritoriesGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuadeloupeGuamGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHeard and McDonald IslandsHoly SeeHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsle of ManIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKuwaitKyrgyzstanLao People's Democratic RepublicLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacauMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandNorth KoreaNorthern Mariana IslandsNorwayOmanPakistanPalauPalestine, State ofPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPitcairnPolandPortugalPuerto RicoQatarR\u00e9unionRomaniaRussiaRwandaSaint Barth\u00e9lemySaint HelenaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint MartinSaint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSamoaSan MarinoSao Tome and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSint MaartenSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth GeorgiaSouth KoreaSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSvalbard and Jan Mayen IslandsSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTokelauTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUS Minor Outlying IslandsUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuelaVietnamVirgin Islands, BritishVirgin Islands, U.S.Wallis and FutunaWestern SaharaYemenZambiaZimbabwePostcodeSubject (you can edit this)Your message (you can personalise and amend this, a salutation will be automatically added, as well as your name at the end)\nI was recently made aware that your bank is a major funder of the Australian LNG industry. In the wake of a push for Australia\u2019s government to pursue more climate-wrecking gas infrastructure, led by a gas company Chairman and head of Australia\u2019s COVID-19 commission, I am writing to urge you to avoid any further investments in companies and projects that are expanding the gas sector.\n\nAs someone who wants to preserve and enhance our natural environment, it\u2019s deeply troubling to learn of the support banks like yours have provided to LNG projects in Australia, which bring us closer to runaway global warming and some of which have damaged and continue to damage Australia\u2019s natural ecosystems such as the Great Barrier Reef.\n\nThe science is clear: the gas industry cannot expand if we\u2019re to limit global warming to 1.5\u00b0C consistent with the Paris Agreement\u2019s climate goals. In fact, if this goal is to be achieved, the gas industry needs to shrink. Gas also impedes the transition to renewable energy, blocking opportunities to supply energy with lower cost wind and solar.\n\nWe can no longer allow gas companies to open new fields and build hundreds of kilometres of pipelines. Instead, they should be planning to wind down operations in line with the Paris Agreement.\n\nIn the wake of COVID-19, what sort of recovery will you choose to support; one that backs companies and projects that cannot exist in a low carbon world, or one that puts us on track to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement?\n\nThat\u2019s why I am urging you to:\n- No longer finance projects that expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry;\n- Ensure any credit provided to companies seeking to expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry are contingent upon those companies winding up their operations within timeframes consistent with limiting warming to 1.5\u00b0C, and\n- Ensure your exposure to LNG and all fossil fuel sectors decreases in a timeframe consistent with limiting warming to 1.5\u00b0C.\n\nPlease confirm your plan to make these changes.\nOpt-in\n\nI want updates about this campaign from Market Forces!\n\nThis iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.\njQuery(document).ready(function($){gformInitSpinner( 296, 'https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.gif' );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_296').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') &gt;= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_296');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_296').length &gt; 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') &gt;= 0;var is_form = form_content.length &gt; 0 &amp;&amp; ! is_redirect &amp;&amp; ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { \/* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome *\/ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_296').val();gformInitSpinner( 296, 'https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.gif' );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [296, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_296'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_296').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [296]);window['gf_submitting_296'] = false;}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_296').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [296, current_page]);} );} ); jQuery(document).bind('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 296) {gf_global[\"number_formats\"][296] = {\"1\":{\"price\":false,\"value\":false},\"2\":{\"price\":false,\"value\":false},\"3\":{\"price\":false,\"value\":false},\"4\":{\"price\":false,\"value\":\"decimal_dot\"},\"5\":{\"price\":false,\"value\":false},\"6\":{\"price\":false,\"value\":false},\"7\":{\"price\":false,\"value\":false}};if(window['jQuery']){if(!window['gf_form_conditional_logic'])window['gf_form_conditional_logic'] = new Array();window['gf_form_conditional_logic'][296] = { logic: { 4: {\"field\":{\"actionType\":\"show\",\"logicType\":\"all\",\"rules\":[{\"fieldId\":\"3\",\"operator\":\"is\",\"value\":\"Australia\"}]},\"nextButton\":null,\"section\":null} }, dependents: { 4: [4] }, animation: 0, defaults: {\"1\":{\"1.2\":\"\",\"1.3\":\"\",\"1.4\":\"\",\"1.6\":\"\",\"1.8\":\"\"},\"3\":\"Australia\",\"5\":\"Your lending to Australian LNG projects\",\"6\":\"\\nI was recently made aware that your bank is a major funder of the Australian LNG industry. In the wake of a push for Australia\\u2019s government to pursue more climate-wrecking gas infrastructure, led by a gas company Chairman and head of Australia\\u2019s COVID-19 commission, I am writing to urge you to avoid any further investments in companies and projects that are expanding the gas sector.\\n\\nAs someone who wants to preserve and enhance our natural environment, it\\u2019s deeply troubling to learn of the support banks like yours have provided to LNG projects in Australia, which bring us closer to runaway global warming and some of which have damaged and continue to damage Australia\\u2019s natural ecosystems such as the Great Barrier Reef.\\n\\nThe science is clear: the gas industry cannot expand if we\\u2019re to limit global warming to 1.5\\u00b0C consistent with the Paris Agreement\\u2019s climate goals. In fact, if this goal is to be achieved, the gas industry needs to shrink. Gas also impedes the transition to renewable energy, blocking opportunities to supply energy with lower cost wind and solar. \\n\\nWe can no longer allow gas companies to open new fields and build hundreds of kilometres of pipelines. Instead, they should be planning to wind down operations in line with the Paris Agreement.\\n\\nIn the wake of COVID-19, what sort of recovery will you choose to support; one that backs companies and projects that cannot exist in a low carbon world, or one that puts us on track to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement?\\n\\nThat\\u2019s why I am urging you to:\\n- No longer finance projects that expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry;\\n- Ensure any credit provided to companies seeking to expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry are contingent upon those companies winding up their operations within timeframes consistent with limiting warming to 1.5\\u00b0C, and\\n- Ensure your exposure to LNG and all fossil fuel sectors decreases in a timeframe consistent with limiting warming to 1.5\\u00b0C.\\n\\nPlease confirm your plan to make these changes. \\n\",\"7\":[\"choice_296_7_1\"]}, fields: {\"1\":[],\"2\":[],\"3\":[4],\"4\":[],\"5\":[],\"6\":[],\"7\":[]} }; if(!window['gf_number_format'])window['gf_number_format'] = 'decimal_dot';jQuery(document).ready(function(){gf_apply_rules(296, [4], true);jQuery('#gform_wrapper_296').show();jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_conditional_logic', [296, null, true]);} );} } } );jQuery(document).bind('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ); jQuery(document).ready(function(){jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [296, 1]) } );\n\nContents\n\nWho are the biggest lenders to Australian LNG?\nAustralia's Big Four banks\nLNG has no place in a decarbonising world\nWhat banks must do next\nDirect lending is the tip of the iceberg\n\nCredit: U.S. Energy Information Administration\n\nWho are the biggest lenders to Australian LNG?\n\nMarket Forces has identified $75 billion in loans from January 2008 - December 2019 backing 11 Australian LNG projects (all amounts are displayed in Australian dollars unless otherwise specified). Here are the biggest lenders to this climate-wrecking industry:\n\nJapanese, Australian and Chinese lenders dominate lending to the Australian LNG sector.\nTopping the list of LNG lenders is the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) with $11 billion. JBIC is Japan\u2019s export credit agency (ECA), a government-owned bank that supports domestic companies' export operations.\nJapanese lenders including JBIC, MUFG, Mizuho and SMBC have loaned a combined $30 billion for 10 LNG projects, accounting for 40% of overall lending. Over half of this ($18 billion) was to finance the Ichthys LNG project, which part-owner INPEX states \u201cis expected to supply approximately 10 percent of Japan's LNG imports\u201d.\nAustralia\u2019s big four banks \u2060\u2014 ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, NAB and Westpac \u2060\u2014 also play a critical role, having provided a combined $12.3 billion (16%) of loans backing 7 LNG projects, including Ichthys LNG, APLNG and Gladstone LNG. ANZ loaned the most of the big four, providing $4.9 billion.\nIf you\u2019re with one of the Big Four, put them on notice, telling them if they continue to choose fossil fuels, you\u2019ll choose another bank.\nChinese banks loaned $11 billion (15%) and include China\u2019s ECA the Export-Import Bank of China, China Development Bank, as well as the world\u2019s four largest banks (by total assets); Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of China.\nThe vast majority of this lending ($8.7 billion) was for the Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG) and Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) projects. According to May 2020 media reports, these two projects are the largest sources of Chinese LNG imports.\nOther major lenders include those from the US, including the Export-Import Bank of the United States, which provided two huge loans for Queensland\u2019s APLNG and QCLNG projects, as well as multinational investment bank Citi.\nLenders from the UK were also prominent and included Asia-focused multinational investment bank HSBC, providing loans across 4 different projects.\n\nJapanese, Australian and Chinese lenders dominate lending to the Australian LNG sector.\nTopping the list of LNG lenders is the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) with $11 billion. JBIC is Japan\u2019s export credit agency (ECA), a government-owned bank that supports domestic companies' export operations.\nJapanese lenders including JBIC, MUFG, Mizuho and SMBC have loaned a combined $30 billion for 10 LNG projects, accounting for 40% of overall lending. Over half of this ($18 billion) was to finance the Ichthys LNG project, which part-owner INPEX states \u201cis expected to supply approximately 10 percent of Japan's LNG imports\u201d.\nAustralia\u2019s big four banks \u2060\u2014 ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, NAB and Westpac \u2060\u2014 also play a critical role, having provided a combined $12.3 billion (16%) of loans backing 7 LNG projects, including Ichthys LNG, APLNG and Gladstone LNG. ANZ loaned the most of the big four, providing $4.9 billion.\nIf you\u2019re with one of the Big Four, put them on notice, telling them if they continue to choose fossil fuels, you\u2019ll choose another bank.\nChinese banks loaned $11 billion (15%) and include China\u2019s ECA the Export-Import Bank of China, China Development Bank, as well as the world\u2019s four largest banks (by total assets); Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of China.\nThe vast majority of this lending ($8.7 billion) was for the Australia Pacific LNG (APLNG) and Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) projects. According to May 2020 media reports, these two projects are the largest sources of Chinese LNG imports.\nOther major lenders include those from the US, including the Export-Import Bank of the United States, which provided two huge loans for Queensland\u2019s APLNG and QCLNG projects, as well as multinational investment bank Citi.\nLenders from the UK were also prominent and included Asia-focused multinational investment bank HSBC, providing loans across 4 different projects.\n\nTotal lending by bank country\n\nTotal lending over timeLNG finance boomed in 2012 and 2013, drawing over $15 billion and $21 billion respectively. This includes one of Australia's largest ever project financings; $20 billion for the Ichthys LNG in January 2013, a project with components in both the Northern Territory and Western Australia.\n\nAustralia's big four banks\n\nAustralia\u2019s major banks have been instrumental in the development of Australia\u2019s LNG industry, lending at least $12.3 billion to Australian LNG projects since 2008. Adding insult to injury, they\u2019ve continued to support some of the largest LNG developers in the country, with ANZ and Westpac lending US$100 million and US$75 million (respectively) to Australia\u2019s biggest oil &amp; gas company Woodside in October 2019.\nYet despite their continued support companies whose viability depends on the failure of the Paris Agreement, Australia\u2019s major banks are now among those \u201curging a radical rethink in how to steer the economy out of the pandemic-induced economic crisis, calling for stimulus measures that are consistent with the Paris Agreement climate targets.\u201d\nTell the Big Four banks: stop funding expansion of LNG and ensure that companies and their existing projects wind up their operations in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.\n\nBig four lending by year\n\nBig four lending by project\n\nDespite having loaned billions to the industry over the past decade, some of Australia\u2019s major banks have taken significant steps towards ruling out lending to new LNG projects moving forward. In August 2019 Commonwealth Bank announced it will:\n\u201conly provide Banking and Financing activity to New oil, gas or metallurgical coal projects if supported by an assessment of the environmental, social and economic impacts of such activity, and if in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.\u201d\nGiven our research finds Commonwealth Bank is the 8th largest backer of Australian LNG projects over the last decade, and that its latest reporting showed it had $2.8 billion on loan to LNG in June 2019, this isn\u2019t good news for companies pursuing new LNG developments. Given that the latest science shows building new or expanded LNG infrastructure is inconsistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement, Commonwealth Bank\u2019s policy should prohibit it from funding the expansion of LNG anywhere in the world moving forward.\nWestpac made a similar pledge in May 2020, indicating that any financing of the sector from this point on will need to be in line with Westpac\u2019s commitment to the Paris Agreement.\nANZ and NAB have been left behind by the competition, as neither has made any form of commitment to stop funding expansion of the oil &amp; gas industry.\n\nTop lenders to each project\n\nGladstone port development,  QLD. \u00a9 Greenpeace \/ Tom Jefferson\n\nCurtis Island LNG plant, Gladstone Qld. Credit: GreensMPs (Flickr) CC BY-NC-ND 2.0\n\nLNG has no place in a decarbonising world\n\nClimate wrecking\n\nThe science is clear; there is absolutely no room for expansion of the LNG industry if we\u2019re to limit global warming to 1.5\u00b0C consistent with the Paris Agreement\u2019s climate goals.\n\u201cWe have no room to build anything that emits CO2 emissions.\u201d - Fatih Birol, Executive Director, International Energy Agency (13 Nov 2018)\nIn fact, the LNG industry needs to shrink. According to modelling from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a 1.5\u00b0C scenario (P1: no or limited overshoot) would see primary energy from gas decrease by 25% by 2030 and by 74% by 2050 (from a 2010 baseline).\n\u201cWith average lifetimes of 20 years or longer for pipelines, terminals, wells, and platforms, the time to begin planning for a wind-down of gas production is, as with other fossil fuels, already upon us.\u201d - SEI, IISD, ODI, Climate Analytics, CICERO, and UNEP (2019).\nIn Australia, the gas industry is counteracting efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions. Australia\u2019s 2019 emissions report showed that while emissions dropped for the electricity, agriculture and transport sectors, increases in emissions from the LNG-dominated gas sector wiped out these gains.\nAmong the emissions released by the LNG industry are fugitive emissions due to flaring and the venting and leakage of methane and carbon dioxide. LNG operations routinely release or flare gas to manage pipeline pressures but gas leaks are also a significant and often hidden source of emissions. So LNG is undermining Australia\u2019s own progress to meet the Paris Agreement\u2019s goals.\n\nCredit: The Production Gap: 2019 Report (Figure ES.2), https:\/\/productiongap.org\n\nGas impeding the transition to renewables\n\nThere are concerns that Australia\u2019s exported LNG could displace the use of renewable energy elsewhere and therefore increase emissions overseas. According to Frank Jotzo and Salim Mazouz of the Australian National University (ANU):\n\u201cFor the most part, exported gas probably displaces natural gas that would otherwise be produced elsewhere, leaving overall emissions roughly the same. Some smaller share may displace coal. But it could just as easily displace renewable or nuclear energy, in which case Australian gas exports would increase global emissions, not reduce them.\u201d\nThis has been acknowledged by gas industry-funded research. According to a July 2019 study of the greenhouse gas emissions associated with an LNG project in Queensland conducted by the Gas Industry Social and Environmental Research Alliance (GISERA):\n\u2018Where natural gas displaces renewable forms of electricity generation rather than coal, such as where market conditions prioritise natural gas over solar, wind or nuclear energy sources, potential climate benefits are reduced and possibly reversed.\u2019\nInstead, Jotzo and Mazouz identify that clean renewable energy is the way forward:\n\u201cThankfully, there actually is a way for Australia to help the world cut emissions, and in a big way. That is by producing large amounts of renewable energy for export, in the form of hydrogen, ammonia, and other fuels produced using wind and solar power and shipped to other countries that are less blessed with abundant renewable energy resources.\u201d\n\nFinancial risk\n\nAccording to analysis by independent financial think tank Carbon Tracker, as the world moves to replace fossil fuels with clean renewable energy, high cost sectors such as LNG and Arctic oil are among the most vulnerable to becoming stranded assets. Being stranded means these assets would no longer be able to generate an economic return for their investors.\nHowever LNG has been a risky bet for some investors even despite the transition. According to Bruce Robertson, Energy Finance Analyst at IEEFA, since 2014 there have been significant write offs in the value of assets owned by major onshore coal-seam gas to LNG (CSG-to-LNG) producers Santos (nearly $7 billion), Origin Energy ($3 billion plus) and BG Group ($5 billion).\n\u201cSantos has taken a series of write-offs on its wealth-destroying investments in the coal seam gas to liquefied natural gas industry since its inception in 2014. All up, its investments in the CSG to LNG industry have been a financial failure.\u201d - Bruce Robertson (Energy Finance Analyst Gas\/LNG) and Tom Lawson (Research Assistant), IEEFA\nRobertson adds that falling share prices over the past 10 years of such oil and gas companies are further evidence that \u201cthey\u2019ve demonstrably destroyed wealth for their shareholders\u201d. This accords with recent analysis from Market Forces which finds that 11 companies whose sole business is producing coal, oil or gas halved in value since January 2010, while the broader sharemarket rose 20% over that time.\n\u201cThey\u2019ve demonstrably destroyed wealth for their shareholders\u201d - Bruce Robertson, Energy Finance Analyst Gas\/LNG, IEEFA\n\nWhat banks must do next\n\nDespite the multitude of risks LNG poses to the climate and economy, companies are still pursuing tens of billions of dollars\u2019 worth of projects in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.\nBelow is a list of Australian LNG projects being pursued according to the Office of the Chief Economist\u2019s \u2018Resources and Energy Major Projects List\u2019 published December 2019. As we recover from the COVID-19 crisis, these are the projects and companies banks must leave behind.\nLNG projects being pursued in Australia - Office of the Chief Economist (click to expand)\n\nThere is no doubt that a significant proportion of this planned expenditure would require bank loans.\nHowever in recent months and in response to COVID-19 and the oil price crash, a huge amount of this planned investment has been delayed. In March, Australia\u2019s largest oil &amp; gas producer Woodside announced the deferral of $53 billion of LNG growth projects in Western Australia, including the Scarborough, Pluto-2 and Browse projects. At the same time, Australian oil &amp; gas major Santos said it was \"hunkering down\" as it delayed the $7 billion Barossa gas project that would supply the Darwin LNG plant.\nNew and expansionary LNG projects are completely inconsistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement and have no place in a decarbonising economy. As governments, industry, investors and society all move to place a clean energy transition at the centre of economic recovery and stimulus plans in response to COVID-19, investors must position themselves to leave incompatible fossil fuel projects, and the companies that have no interest in abandoning them, behind.\nClean energy transitions must be at the center of economic recovery and stimulus plans. - International Energy Agency\nTo achieve this, investors including banks should avoid providing direct funding (project finance) for these projects. However not all of the projects would be funded directly. Instead, companies can also fund projects indirectly by seeking corporate loans that can be used for a variety of purposes including financing LNG projects.\nInstitutions providing corporate credit for companies attempting to expand the scale of the fossil fuel industry, including the likes of Woodside and Santos, must do so only on the condition that these companies immediately stop wasteful spending on new fossil fuel projects and have concrete plans to manage down assets in a timeframe consistent with the Paris Agreement.\nRegarding those project loans to existing LNG infrastructure that banks have already provided and that are due for expiry and refinancing over the coming years and decades, banks considering recommitment to these projects must ensure that the project\u2019s output will decline in a manner consistent with the Paris Agreement, or else manage down credit exposure consistent with the same timeframe.\n\nA closer look at some dirty LNG projects\n\nAustralian LNG projects have been funded by 47 separate loans since 2008. Loans range from $163 million for LNG transport vessels to $19 billion (excluding sponsor loans) for the Ichthys project, Australia's largest ever project finance deal. Explore some of Australia\u2019s major LNG projects, who is funding them and the problems they\u2019ve created (click to expand):\n\nIcthys LNGAustralia Pacific LNG (APLNG)PlutoGorgon LNGIchthys LNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based in Darwin. Operations started in 2018 and can liquefy almost 9 million tonnes of LNG per annum. The gas is extracted from a rig, 220km from Western Australia coast. A 890km gas pipeline carries the gas to Darwin, the longest subsea pipeline in the southern hemisphere.\nMarket Forces estimates that over the lifetime of the Ichthys project, it would enable the release of 1.1 billion tonnes of CO2, double Australia\u2019s annual greenhouse gas emissions.\nIchthys is owned by Japanese oil &amp; gas company INPEX (66%). The remaining 33% of Ichthys is predominantly owned by French multinational oil &amp; gas major Total and a number of Japanese gas and utility companies.\nMarket Forces identified multiple loans totalling $30 billion for Ichthys LNG during 2008 - 2019, with $19 billion of this provided in January 2013. Top lenders to Ichthys include the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($5.5B), Mizuho Financial Group ($4.1B), SMBC ($3.9B), MUFG ($3.9B), ANZ ($1.2B) and Commonwealth Bank ($941m).\nAside from being environmentally destructive, Ichthys is also a very costly project. In 2018 the project saw an US$8 billion cost blowout, adding 17% to the original $45 billion estimate, and delays to production caused by a contractor walk out on a power plant for the Darwin LNG facilities. In the same year, Australian regulators took enforcement action against the operators of Ichthys facilities for electrical hazards that could have sparked a gas explosion.APLNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based near Gladstone, Queensland, alongside two other massive LNG facilities; Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) and Gladstone LNG (GLNG).\n\nAll of these facilities sit on Curtis Island, within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. The shipping, coastal industrialisation and climate change caused by these plants have been and remain a significant threat to the Reef.\n\nThe owners of the facility include Origin (37.5%), ConocoPhillips (37.5%) and Sinopec (25%).\n\nMarket Forces has identified $11 billion in loans for APLNG, with the top lenders being Export-Import Bank of China ($3.4B), the Export-Import Bank of the United States ($2.9B), ANZ ($942m), Commonwealth Bank ($870m), Westpac ($769m) and SMBC ($649m).\nPluto LNG\u2019s liquefaction and export facilities are based in the Pilbara, Western Australia. Pluto LNG\u2019s operations started in 2012 and can produce almost 5 million tonnes of LNG per annum.\nPluto LNG is owned and operated by Woodside Energy. The facility is based next to Woodside\u2019s North-West Shelf LNG and Karratha Gas Plant facilities. Woodside plans to expand Pluto and connect its LNG assets through its Barrup Hub vision.\nMarket Forces identified over $3.5B in finance for Pluto, with the top lenders being the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($1B), MUFG ($432m), Commonwealth Bank ($281m), ANZ ($193m), Development Bank of Japan ($169m) and Bank of China ($132m).\nWoodside demonstrates the fragility of the LNG industry in the wake of COVID-19 impacts and the oil price wars. With revenue dropping, Woodside has depended on bank loans for \u201ccrisis liquidity financing\u201dGorgon LNG is based on Barrow Island, Western Australia. The facilities are based north of its sister Wheatstone Project. Gorgon\u2019s operations started in 2016 and can produce over 15 million tonnes of LNG per annum.\nGorgon is one of the most expensive LNG projects in history. Originally costed at US$37 billion in 2009, this blew out to US$54 billion, making it \u201cthe biggest investment ever made in a single LNG project\u201d.\nGorgon LNG features the world's biggest carbon capture and storage (CCS) project which involves injecting carbon dioxide under the Barrow Island. CCS operations only commenced in mid-2019 after months of failures. During its failures, the CCS project is estimated to account for half of Australia\u2019s increase in emissions in 2018. Gorgon LNG demonstrates how dirty LNG can be.\nGorgon is owned by Chevron Corporation (47.3%), ExxonMobil (25%) and Royal Dutch Shell (25%). The remaining stakes (less than 3%) are owned by Osaka Gas, Tokyo Gas and Chubu Electric Power.\nChevron displays some of Australia\u2019s most egregious examples of corporate fossil fuel behaviour. According to ATO data, Chevron paid no tax in Australia in the 5 years to FY2018. Over the same timeframe, it donated $582,692 to Australia\u2019s major political parties. Meanwhile, its troubled Gorgon LNG CCS scheme was backed by a $60 million federal government subsidy (via the Low Emissions Technology Demonstration Fund).\nMarket Forces identified almost $1B in loans for Gorgon, whose top lenders include the Japan Bank for International Cooperation ($483m), the Export-Import Bank of China ($297m), MUFG ($171m) and SMBC ($28m).\nPlease note that only a small amount of funding (A$1B) was identified for Gorgon relative to its total project cost (US$54B). This is because Gorgon\u2019s developers funded the project with their own equity, rather than via bank debt.\n\nDirect lending is the tip of the iceberg\n\nThis study considered direct lending to LNG projects, also known as \u2018project finance\u2019, capturing 26 project finance deals involving $51 billion in loans. While project finance is the most common form of funding for LNG projects, this infrastructure can also be funded by various other pathways, with industry sources noting that neither Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG), Gladstone LNG (GLNG) nor Gorgon LNG used project finance loans to raise funding.\n\nCorporate lending\n\nMarket Forces also captured a less direct form of lending in this study, corporate lending, identifying 21 corporate finance deals involving over $24 billion loaned to Australian LNG since 2008.\nCorporate loans involve banks lending to a company rather than a project. Often these loans are used for \u2018general corporate purposes\u2019, which can be for a variety of uses including to refinance existing debt, helping cashflow or for project development. It is often difficult to discern exactly what the funding is used for and in many cases this must be estimated. However in the present study, Market Forces chose to only include those corporate deals with a clear link to specific LNG projects, where proceeds were primarily for funding the projects. This likely resulted in an under-estimate of corporate lending to the sector.\n\nBond arrangement and bondholding\n\nWhile Market Forces only captured loans as part of this study, bonds are a noteworthy piece of the overall LNG finance picture.\nFor example, major Australian gas pipeline company APA Group issued $5 billion of bonds in March 2015 backing its acquisition of the Queensland Curtis LNG (QCLNG) pipeline from BG group. In that case, BNP Paribas, HSBC, NAB and Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) helped APA sell \u20ac1,350 million to investors in the European bond market, as well as \u00a3600 million to investors in the UK bond market. Meanwhile, ANZ, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley and Bank of Nova Scotia helped APA issue US$1.4 billion in the US bond market. Commonwealth Bank, DNB Markets, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities and Westpac also helped issue the European, British and US bonds (acting as \u2018Co Managers\u2019).\nFor a list of the biggest bond managers and bondholders in major Australian LNG producer Woodside, click here.\n\nOver the last decade, major banks have funded a massive expansion of climate-wrecking #LNG and there are plans for a 2nd wave.The science is clear: avoiding 1.5\u00b0C of warming means no expansion of dirty gas.As we recover, tell banks to leave LNG behind https:\/\/t.co\/AhM0cI1FgE pic.twitter.com\/k4ohO4ARYA\u2014 Market Forces (@market_forces) May 22, 2020\n\nMethodology\n\nScope\n\nAssets: LNG projects in Australia\nTimeframe: 1 Jan 2008 - 31 Dec 2019\nFinance type: Project and corporate loans\nTransaction type: Primary, refinancing, acquisition\n\nMarket Forces obtained primary data from finance industry databases provided by IJGlobal and Refinitiv. Further primary data was sourced from company filings, reports and market disclosures. Figures were cross-referenced for consistency and verified against secondary material. This report presents a synthesis of this material.\n\nThe loans we have captured include refinancings, as (1) we consider each refinancing a conscious decision by a lender to continue supporting a project, and (2) the lending group can and often does change upon refinancing and we wanted to capture this.\n\nWhere corporate lending occurred, Market Forces chose to only include those deals with a clear link to specific LNG projects, where proceeds were primarily for funding the projects. This likely resulted in an under-estimate of corporate lending to the sector.\n\nDollar values represent the sum of committed loan amounts and are presented in Australian dollars unless otherwise specified. No adjustments have been made to reflect the net present value of facilities arranged before 1 Jan 2020.\n\nWe have tried to capture as much information as possible in this study but a lack of transparency about fossil fuel lending means it will only ever be a partial picture.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nTake Action\n\nTell Australia\u2019s biggest LNG lenders to stop funding expansion of this climate-wrecking industry.\n\nSend your message\n\n&nbsp;\n\nDISCLAIMER\nThe information provided by Market Forces does not constitute financial advice. The information is presented in order to inform people motivated by environmental concerns and take actions based on those concerns. Market Forces is organising data for environmental ends.\nThe information and actions provided by Market Forces do not account for any individual's personal objectives, financial situation or needs. It should not be used, relied upon, or treated as a substitute for specific professional advice.\nMarket Forces recommends all users obtain their own independent professional advice before making any decision relating to their particular requirements or circumstances. Switching super funds may have unintended financial consequences.\nFor more information about Market Forces, please visit the about page of the site.<img alt=\"Image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/US-EIA-LNG-export-capacity-.png\" width=\"750\" height=\"353\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png\" alt=\"Total LNG lending by bank country\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-41031\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-over-time.png\" alt=\"Total LNG lending over time in Australia\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-41033\"><img alt=\"Image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-big-4-lending-by-year.png\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\"><img alt=\"Image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-big-4-lending-by-project.png\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\"><img alt=\"Image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Gladstone-Port-development-QLD-credit-Greenpeace-Tom-Jefferson-Flickr-9305189426-740x493-1.jpg\" width=\"740\" height=\"493\"><img alt=\"Image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Flickr-GreensMPs-Curtis-Island-LNG-plant-Gladstone-QLD-9366547517-740x485-1.jpg\" width=\"740\" height=\"485\"><img alt=\"Image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Production-Gap-Gas.png\" width=\"291\" height=\"422\">[\/cs_content_seo]","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-40935","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why banks must abandon Australia&#039;s LNG industry | Market Forces<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why banks must abandon Australia&#039;s LNG industry | Market Forces\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Market Forces\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MarketForces\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-15T00:50:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Gladstone-Port-development-QLD-credit-Greenpeace-Tom-Jefferson-Flickr-9305189426-740x493-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"740\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"493\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Gladstone-Port-development-QLD-credit-Greenpeace-Tom-Jefferson-Flickr-9305189426-740x493-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@market_forces\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"32 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/lng\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/lng\\\/\",\"name\":\"Why banks must abandon Australia's LNG industry | Market Forces\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/lng\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/lng\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-18T01:28:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-15T00:50:26+00:00\",\"description\":\"Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/lng\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-AU\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/lng\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-AU\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/lng\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png\",\"width\":960,\"height\":540,\"caption\":\"Total LNG lending by bank country\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/lng\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Info\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Tracking the Money\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/info\\\/trackingthemoney\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Australian LNG lending study 2020\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/\",\"name\":\"Market Forces\",\"description\":\"Your money as a force for good\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.marketforces.org.au\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-AU\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Why banks must abandon Australia's LNG industry | Market Forces","description":"Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Why banks must abandon Australia's LNG industry | Market Forces","og_description":"Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/","og_site_name":"Market Forces","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MarketForces","article_modified_time":"2023-06-15T00:50:26+00:00","og_image":[{"width":740,"height":493,"url":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Gladstone-Port-development-QLD-credit-Greenpeace-Tom-Jefferson-Flickr-9305189426-740x493-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Gladstone-Port-development-QLD-credit-Greenpeace-Tom-Jefferson-Flickr-9305189426-740x493-1.jpg","twitter_site":"@market_forces","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"32 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/","url":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/","name":"Why banks must abandon Australia's LNG industry | Market Forces","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png","datePublished":"2020-05-18T01:28:08+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-15T00:50:26+00:00","description":"Over the last 10 years Australia ramped up its exports of LNG enormously, becoming the world\u2019s largest exporter in calendar year 2019.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-AU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-AU","@id":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/LNG-lending-2020-chart-total-lending-by-bank-country.png","width":960,"height":540,"caption":"Total LNG lending by bank country"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/lng\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Info","item":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Tracking the Money","item":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/info\/trackingthemoney\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Australian LNG lending study 2020"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/","name":"Market Forces","description":"Your money as a force for good","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-AU"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/64"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40935"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70595,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40935\/revisions\/70595"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketforces.org.au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}